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Showing posts with label France. Show all posts
Showing posts with label France. Show all posts

Thursday, May 26, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG udate

Ireland’s TDs set to take three months’ holidays from work/Dáil

FIANNA FÁIL LEADER MICHEÁL MARTIN SAYS PROPOSED PERIOD IS TOO LONG

    

FIANNA FÁIL LEADER MICHEÁL MARTIN HAS SAID HE THINKS A PERIOD OF DÁIL HOLIDAYS PROPOSED BY FINE GAEL IS TOO LONG.

TDs are set to get around three months’ holidays from the Dáil this summer because of renovations to the Leinster House.
The Fine Gael parliamentary party was told on Wednesday night the Dáil will rise on July 7th and will return later than usual due to repair works being carried out on the building.
The Dáil usually resumes from the summer recess in mid September, which means a later that usual return could ensure that TDs are away from Leinster House for almost three months.
Government chief whip Regina Doherty said a final decision has not yet been made and said “any schedule will be based around works to be carried out”.
She also said it will not affect the sittings of Oireachtas committees, which are expected to continue their business even as the renovations take place.
The renovations to Leinster House will focus on the old, Georgian part of the building which houses the Seanad, but not the Dáil chamber. However, it is understood that access to the chamber and the building will be curtailed during this period.
Speaking at a Fianna Fáil event on Wednesday night to celebrate the centenary of the Easter Rising and the 90th anniversary of the foundation of the party in 1926, Mr Martin said he felt the proposed period for the Dáil to rise is “too early and it is too long”.
“It is a surprise because that hasn’t been communicated to me, although I did speak with the Ceann Comhairle and the Clerk of the Dáil two weeks ago and they were indicating it would be the middle of July, around the 18th.
“The clerk did explain about the structural problems with Leinster House, the old part of Leinster House from his perspective, required urgent remedial works, in terms of securing it and so on. That is something we will have further discussions on.”
He said Fianna Fáil will be discussing the matter with other parties in the Dáil.
An invitation to tender for the renovations published this week said the “proposed works comprise full rewiring of historic Leinster House to current standards”.
This will include the “carrying out of structural strengthening to some existing floors” and other works.

Average Irish house prices climb 7.1% to end of April 2016

      
Rate of increase significantly lower than 15.8% reported 12 months previously
House prices in Dublin are now 33.1% lower than at their highest level in early 2007 while apartments in the capital are 41.5% lower than they were at the peak of the boom.
The average cost of buying a home in the Republic climbed by 7.1% in the 12 months to the end of April, new figures from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) show.
While the figures suggest that the recovery in the property sector is continuing, the price increases over the last 12 months are significantly lower than 12 months previously when a year-on-year rise of 15.8% was reported.
Around the State, residential property prices increased by 0.3% in April compared with no change in March and a climb of 0.6% in April of last year.
The new figures show that after recording four successive monthly declines to the end of April, the market in Dublin has rebounded somewhat with an increase of 1.6% recorded last month.
Dublin residential property prices are now 4.6% higher than they were a year ago.
The price of residential properties outside Dublin fell by 0.6% in April compared with an increase of 0.3% in the same month last year. However, prices are still 9.5% higher than they were 12 months previously.
House prices in Dublin are now 33.1% lower than at their highest level in early 2007 while apartments in the capital are 41.5% lower than they were at the peak of the boom.
National index
The price of residential properties in the rest of Ireland is 35.8% lower than their highest level in September 2007.
Overall, the national index is 33.3% lower than its highest level in 2007.
The managing director of Myhome.ie, Angela Keegan, said the latest statistics indicated that momentum was returning to the Dublin market as it enters the traditional busy buying season.
“On the face of it the fact property prices went up 1.6% in April and house prices went up almost 2% in Dublin is a surprise,” she said. “But March was quieter than usual and it looks as if a lot of people put off making decisions on property until after St Patrick’s Day and Easter. As a result, the market appears to have surged ahead.”
She said the question was now if it would “carry through into the summer. Our view is that while prices increases will continue in positive territory it won’t continue at this level.”
Temporary slowdown
“This is exactly what we predicted,” said Savills’ director of research Dr John McCartney. “Price growth slowed in Dublin last year as tighter mortgage lending forced people into renting. However, this slowdown was always going to be temporary; the shift to renting has forced up rents, attracting investors who are now scrapping to buy properties and driving up prices.”
He warned that “the Dublin market may become increasingly like London, with expensive properties, many of which are owned by investors”.

President Higgins highlights gender inequality at Turkish summit

Michael D Higgins delivers address to World Humanitarian Summit

    

PRESIDENT MICHAEL D HIGGINS SAID IT IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO MAKE STATEMENTS ABOUT THE NEED FOR CHANGE. GENDER EQUALITY IS A RIGHT, HE TOLD THE SUMMIT.

President Michael D Higgins has strongly condemned global leaders for their failure to address the growing problem of gender inequality.
In a powerful speech at the World Humanitarian Summit Mr Higgins said the divide is worsening and continuing as we are is not an option.
The President said the conference, attended by 150 political leaders, must ensure commitments “constitute much more than compassionate words on a page yet again”.
He said: “At this moment, rape continues to be persistently used and has increased as a weapon of war; shameful rates of maternal and infant malnutrition persist in many countries; in others, women have no rights or means to control their own fertility.
“The position of women in transit and their acute vulnerability to exploitation and violence, as well as the vulnerability of their children to denial of basic rights to health and education – in Europe and elsewhere – is a cause for the greatest concern.”
Mr Higgins said it is not sufficient to make statements about the need for change.
Gender equality is a right, he told the summit, and a healthy society is not achievable if women and girls are marginalised. Mr Higgins said every nation has a role to play in achieving gender equality, including Ireland.
“Ireland specifically commits to promote the empowered participation of women, in particular in situations of fragility and protracted crises.
“We will ensure that the promotion of universal access to reproductive healthcare is included in our humanitarian action,” he said.
Mr Higgins did not wish to be drawn on whether that should stretch to changing the eighth amendment of the Irish Constitution.
The President’s wife, Sabina, made a strong intervention in the debate but when asked Mr Higgins said it would not be appropriate for him to discuss the issue.
Abuse allegations
Mr Higgins also expressed his revulsion at allegations women and children were abused by United Nations peacekeepers. The UN said it has received 44 reports of sexual abuse by staff in UN missions involving 40 minors.
Mr Higgins said this violence is being perpetrated by those sent to protect and support the most vulnerable of our sisters.
He will travel home today after the two-day summit, where his contributions have been widely praised.
Despite initial hesitations about attending, Mr Higgins said it had been a worthwhile experience.
British prime minister David Cameron, United States president Barack Obama, French president François Hollande and Russian president Vladimir Putin did not attend. Mr Higgins said their absence provided space for others to challenge them.
He said: “The point is, an advantage was taken of the absence of the big figures. If the big five had been there they might have distracted from what turned out to be valuable contributions. There were clear challenges put to the five. Some of them, including myself, included in these the abuse of the veto.
“How could you justify using the veto when you hear what is being told to you about what are basic threats to humanitarian law and the right to live in any kind of dignity.”

The Minister for Health Simon Harris signs European Tobacco products directive into Irish law

  

The Minister for Health Simon Harris T.D., has signed the Regulations transposing the Tobacco Products Directive into Irish law. The European Union (Manufacture, Presentation and Sale of Tobacco and Related Products) Regulations 2016 came into force on 20 May 2016.
The Regulations provide for more stringent rules for tobacco and related products and, from a public health perspective, focuses on limiting their appeal, in particular to young people. The Regulations include measures for labelling, ingredients, tracking and tracing, cross border distance sales and the regulation of electronic cigarettes, refill containers, herbal products for smoking and novel tobacco products.
More than ten years have passed since the adoption of the first Tobacco Products Directive (2001/37/EC) making it necessary at EU level to bring it in line with market, scientific and international developments in the tobacco sector. The aim of the Directive is to harmonise laws on tobacco products and electronic cigarettes, to facilitate the smooth functioning of the internal market while assuring a high level of public health protection. [Irish presidency]

THE REGULATIONS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING MEASURES: –

1.       A ban on cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco with characterising flavours such as fruit flavours, menthol or vanilla;
2.      A ban on tobacco products containing certain additives;
3.      A ban on any misleading labelling (such as “natural” or “organic”);
4.      Increased size for combined health warnings and a requirement to place them on the front and back of the product;
Some additional reporting requirements for tobacco products;
Notification requirements for electronic cigarettes, refill containers, herbal and novel tobacco products;
Registration requirement for cross-border distance sales of tobacco products, electronic cigarettes or refill containers;
  1. The introduction of a tracking and tracing system;
  2. Regulation of electronic cigarettes and refill containers;
  3. Stricter rules on advertising/sponsorship for electronic cigarettes and refill containers;
  4. Mandatory safety and quality requirements for electronic cigarettes and refill containers;
The Minister in welcoming these Regulations stated “These measures will further complement the tobacco control initiatives already in place and will help to drive down consumption of tobacco and protect public health. I also welcome the clarity provided on the regulation of e-cigarettes, which will give confidence to users in the safety and efficacy of these products”.
“In the area of tobacco control, I am delighted to hear that the UK Government has successfully defended their Standardised Packaging legislation in the courts. I look forward to progressing our Standardised Packaging Regulations in the near future”.
Transposing the Tobacco Products Directive will improve the functioning of the internal market for tobacco and related products, while ensuring a high level of health protection for Irish citizens.
The Regulations include a number of measures as such:
A ban on cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco with characterising flavours such as fruit flavours, menthol or vanilla;
1.       A ban on tobacco products containing certain additives;
2.      A ban on any misleading labelling (such as “natural” or “organic”);
3.      Increased size for combined health warnings and a requirement to place them on the front and back of the product;
Additional reporting requirements for tobacco products;
Notification requirements for electronic cigarettes, refill containers, herbal and novel tobacco products;
Registration requirement for cross-border distance sales of tobacco products, electronic cigarettes or refill containers;
  • Introduction of a tracking and tracing system;
  • Regulation of electronic cigarettes and refill containers;
  • Stricter rules on advertising/sponsorship for electronic cigarettes and refill containers;
Mandatory safety and quality requirements for electronic cigarettes and refill containers;
Certain provisions of the Public Health (Standardised Packaging of Tobacco) Act 2015 have been commenced in order to the transpose the measures relating to Articles 13 and 14 of the Directive.

What about an ice-cream that cures your hangover?

    

ICE-CREAM IS ALREADY A GO-TO ‘CURE’ FOR MANY OF WHO STRUGGLE WITH HANGOVERS – ALL THAT SUGAR AND STOMACH-SETTLING COOLNESS CAN EASE THE TRAUMA OF THE MORNING/AFTERNOON/EVENING AFTER.

However, the South Koreans have gone one step further, with an ice-cream specifically designed to soothe your sorry hungover state.
The Gyeondyo-bar translates as “hang in there”, is grapefruit-flavoured (refreshing), and contains oriental raisin tree fruit juice which is a traditional hangover remedy in South Korea.
There’s science behind it too – a 2012 article in the Journal of Neuroscience found the extract reduced the symptoms of drunkenness in rats.
A press release from the chain of stores selling the ice-cream, Withme FS, said the ice-cream’s name “expresses the hardships of employees who have to suffer a working day after heavy drinking, as well as to provide comfort to those who have to come to work early after frequent nights of drinking”.
We don’t advocate drinking to excess on school nights, but this ice-cream sounds amazing.
Unfortunately, there are no plans as yet to ship the product to

A shocking but awesome find in a Neanderthal cave in France

A ROCK STRUCTURE, BUILT DEEP UNDERGROUND, IS ONE OF THE EARLIEST HOMININ CONSTRUCTIONS EVER FOUND.

    

IN FEBRUARY 1990, THANKS TO A 15-YEAR-OLD BOY NAMED BRUNO KOWALSCZEWSKI, FOOTSTEPS ECHOED THROUGH THE CHAMBERS OF BRUNIQUEL CAVE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN TENS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

The cave sits in France’s scenic Aveyron Valley, but its entrance had long been sealed by an ancient rockslide. Kowalsczewski’s father had detected faint wisps of air emerging from the scree, and the boy spent three years clearing away the rubble. He eventually dug out a tight, thirty-meter-long passage that the thinnest members of the local caving club could squeeze through.
They found themselves in a large, roomy corridor. There were animal bones and signs of bear activity, but nothing recent. The floor was pockmarked with pools of water. The walls were punctuated by stalactites (the ones that hang down) and stalagmites (the ones that stick up).
Some 336 meters into the cave, the caver stumbled across something extraordinary—a vast chamber where several stalagmites had been deliberatelybroken. Most of the 400 pieces had been arranged into two rings—a large one between 4 and 7 metres across, and a smaller one just 2 metres wide. Others had been propped up against these donuts. Yet others had been stacked into four piles. Traces of fire were everywhere, and there was a mass of burnt bones. 
These weren’t natural formations, and they weren’t the work of bears. They were built by people.
Recognizing the site’s value, the caver brought in archaeologist Francois Rouzaud. Using carbon-dating, Rouzaud estimated that a burnt bear bone found within the chamber was 47,600 years old, which meant that the stalagmite rings were older than any known cave painting. It also meant that they couldn’t have been the work of Homo sapiens. Their builders must have been the only early humans in the south of France at the time: Neanderthals.
The discovery suggested that Neanderthals were more sophisticated than anyone had given them credit for. They wielded fire, ventured deep underground, and shaped the subterranean rock into complex constructions. Perhaps they even carried out rituals; after all, there was no evidence that anyone actually lived in the cave, so what else were the rings and mounds for? 
Rouzaud would never know. In April 1999, while guiding colleagues through a different cave, he suffered a fatal heart attack. With his death, work on the Bruniquel Cave ceased, and its incredible contents were neglected. They’ve only now re-entered the limelight because Sophie Verheyden went on holiday.
“When I announced the age to Jacques, he asked me to repeat it because it was so incredible.”
A life-long caver, Verheyden works at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, where she specializes in stalagmites. She treats them as time capsules, using the chemicals within them to reconstruct the climate of past millennia. So when she learned about Bruniquel Cave, while visiting the region on holiday and seeing a display at a nearby castle, she had only one thought: Why hadn’t anyone dated the broken stalagmites themselves?”
She knew that Rouzaud’s date of 47,600 years was impressive but suspect. Carbon-dating is only accurate for samples younger than 50,000 years, so the Bruniquel material was hitting the technique’s limits. They could well have been much older. To get a better estimate, Verheyden assembled a team including archaeologist Jacques Jaubert and fellow stalagmite expert Dominique Genty. In 2013, they got permission to study the site and crawled into it themselves. “I’m not very big, and I had to put one arm before me and one behind to get through,” says Verheyden. “It’s kind of magical, even without the structures.”
After drilling into the stalagmites and pulling out cylinders of rock, the team could see an obvious transition between two layers. On one side were old minerals that were part of the original stalagmites; on the other were newer layers that had been laid down after the fragments were broken off by the cave’s former users. By measuring uranium levels on either side of the divide, the team could accurately tell when each stalagmite had been snapped off for construction.
Their date? 176,500 years ago, give or take a few millennia.
“When I announced the age to Jacques, he asked me to repeat it because it was so incredible,” says Verheyden. Outside Bruniquel Cave, the earliest, unambiguous human constructions are  just 20,000 years old. Most of these are ruins—collapsed collections of mammoth bones and deer antlers. By comparison, the Bruniquel stalagmite rings are well-preserved and far more ancient.
And if Rouzaud’s work made it unlikely that modern humans built the rings,Verheyden’s study grinds that possibility into the dust. Neanderthals must have been responsible. There simply wasn’t any other hominin in that region at that time.
“When you see such a structure so far into the cave, you think of something cultural or religious.”
Why did they build the rings and mounds? The structures weren’t foundations for huts; the chamber contains no stone tools, human bones, or any other sign of permanent occupation, and besides, why build shelter inside a cave? “A plausible explanation is that this was a meeting place for some type of ritual social behavior,” says Paola Villa from the University of Colorado Museum.
“When you see such a structure so far into the cave, you think of something cultural or religious, but that’s not proven,” adds Verheyden. Indeed, despite some fanciful speculations about cave bear cults, no one really knows.
Nor is it clear how the Neanderthals made the structures. Verheyden says it couldn’t have been one lone artisan, toiling away in the dark. Most likely, there was a team, and a technically skilled one at that. They broke rocks deliberately, and arranged them precisely. They used fire, too. More than 120 fragments have red and black streaks that aren’t found elsewhere in the chamber or the cave beyond. They were the result of deliberately applied heat, at intensities strong enough to occasionally crack the rock. “The Neanderthal group responsible for these constructions had a level of social organization that was more complex than previously thought,” the team writes.
These discoveries are part of the Neanderthals’ ongoing rehabilitation. Since their discovery, scientists have tried to understand why they died out and we did not, with the implicit assumption that they were inferior in some important way. Indeed, to describe someone as a Neanderthal today is to accuse them of unsophisticated brutishness.
But we now know that Neanderthals made tools, used fire, made art, buried their dead, and perhaps even had language. “The new findings have ushered a transformation of the Neanderthal from a knuckle-dragging savage rightfully defeated in an evolutionary contest, to a distant cousin that holds clues to our identity,” wrote Lydia Pyne in Nautilus.
And now, we have Bruniquel Cave with its structures that are unprecedented in their complexity, antiquity, and depth within the darkness. We know that 400,000 years ago, some ancient hominins chucked their dead into a cave at Sima de los Huesos, but there’s no evidence of the careful constructions in Bruniquel. There’s evidence of painting and sculpture within caves, but none older than 42,000 years. There are signs that Neanderthals used caves, but nothing to suggest that they frequently ventured deeper than sunlight.
“I think we have several lines of evidence showing that the cognitive abilities and behaviors of Neanderthals were complex,” says Marie Soressi from Leiden University. “But we had no direct evidence of their ability to build. That changes the picture for me. It’s puzzling to find such structures so deep inside the cave.”
To solve these puzzles, Verheyden wants to start cutting into the cave’s floor. It has been covered by layers of calcite, which may conceal specimens that hint at the chamber’s purpose. Verheyden also notes that the entrance they’ve been using cannot possibly have been the only one. “We’re crawling through this small thing and there are bear hollows in the cave. I don’t think the bears went in that way!” she says. “There must have been some other passage that collapsed.”    

Friday, November 20, 2015

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Ireland prepared to send troops to help France, says Enda Kenny

Government willing to send soldiers to replace French forces in Mali or Lebanon

   
Taoiseach Enda Kenny said he had been briefed this morning by the national security committee.
The Government is prepared to send additional Irish troops to Mali or Lebanon in order to relieve French soldiers who will be sent to fight Islamic State, Taoiseach Enda Kenny has indicated.
Mr Kenny said the French ambassador to Ireland has told him France is already stretched in its military commitments as it prepares to intensify its efforts against Islamic State in Syria.
Speaking on Thursday at an Action Plan for Jobs press conference, Mr Kenny said no formal request had come from France to the Irish Government requesting aid.
However, Mr Kenny indicated the Government is prepared to send a small number of Defence Forces personnel to Mali or Lebanon to relieve their French counterparts.
“We have said that, within our conditions and our circumstances, we will assist in whatever way we can here, though probably the numbers will be small,” Mr Kenny said.
French president Francois Hollande has said his country is at war with IS and the French government this week invoked a mutual defence clause within the European Union’s Lisbon Treaty.
“When I signed the book of condolences at the French embassy the other day, the French ambassador did mention this to me that France is now very stretched,” the Taoiseach said.
“At the meeting of (EU) ministers for defence during the week, the French defence minister invoked the relevant article from the European treaties looking for help.
“It’s a matter for every country as to their own national security and defence position, how they might assist in that regard.
We have been working with the French in Mali, 10 members of the Defence Forces out there doing particular duties. “Now, a formal request has not come in from France yet. It may come through the Minister for Defence, it may be dealing with extra personnel that the French may withdraw from south Lebanon or Mali or whatever.
“The point the French make is that the French president has declared that France is at war in respect of these incidents in Syria. The French defence forces are stretched in quite a number of countries and they may make a request for assistance in that regard.
Obviously, there is a process by which Ireland being a neutral country would offer assistance in particular forms and we would consider that when it comes.”
Mr Kenny also said the national security committee – which includes Garda Commissioner Noirin O’Sullivan and the Defence Forces Chief of Staff, Vice Admiral Mark Mellett – briefed him, Tánaiste Joan Burton and Minister for Justice Frances Fitzgerald this morning.
“The Tánaiste and I and the Minister for Justice and the Minister for Foreign Affairs and the Minister for Defence had a briefing this morning from the national security committee, including the Garda Commissioner and the chief of staff of the Defence Forces,” Mr Kenny said.
“The situation insofar as Ireland has concerned has not changed since the Paris attacks. An incident is possible but not likely.”

Atlantic Philanthropies gives €138m grant to tackle dementia

Trinity College Dublin and University of California to share largest allocation to date.

    
Atlantic Philanthropies founder Chuck Feeney (right) with president and chief executive Christopher Oechsli.
Atlantic Philanthropies is to give €138 million – its largest grant to date – to Trinity College Dublin and University of California San Francisco to help tackle the looming dementia epidemic. Almost 50,000 people are living with dementia in Ireland, a number which is projected to double every 20 years if there is no effective intervention.
The new initiative will involve training hundreds of health professionals to carry out dementia research, deliver healthcare and change policies and practices around treatment of the disease. Details are due to be formally announced later today at an event attended by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.
Professor of psychology at Trinity College Dublin Ian Robertson said dementia amounted to a “public health emergency” comparable to the Aids epidemic of the 1980s.
“That led to a big social movement which required all sorts of social advocacy, political will and biomedical research which resulted in Aids becoming a largely treatable condition. “Now we face an even greater problem with dementia,” he added. “There are 48 million people with the disease. That’s set to double every 20 years – and we don’t have any treatment for it.”
The Trinity team will be headed by Prof Robertson and by ProfBrian Lawlor, who specialises in old-age psychiatry.
Latest research indicates that up to 30 per cent of new dementia cases may be preventable through changes in diet, exercise, mental stimulation and tackling risk factors such as diabetes and heart disease. Prof Robertson said a new “global brain health institute” would accelerate the application of science in this area, as well as drawing in additional funding for new research.
In all, some 600 health professionals, or “fellows”, will be trained over the next 15 years to help change policies and practices in the field. It is hoped they will then return to their home countries to become leaders in developing dementia-related healthcare programmes.
Neuroscience
A separate “scholars programme” will focus on training journalists, managers and filmmakers to teach others about the preventable causes of cognitive impairment. Training for both programmes will be multi-disciplinary, including geriatrics, cognitive neuroscience, public policy, health economics, health law and communications.
Christopher Oechsli, Atlantic Philanthropies president and chief executive, said: “Our goal is to create a generation of leaders around the world who have the knowledge, skills and drive to change both the practice of dementia care and the public health and societal forces that affect brain health.”
Atlantic Philanthropies is due to wind down its operations by the end of the decade following three decades of grant-making around the world. The organisation, founded by billionaire Chuck Feeney, has granted more than $6 billion worldwide, with about €1.25 billion going to projects in the Republic and Northern Ireland.
Dr Patrick Prendergast, president and provost of Trinity said the latest announcement would bring benefits to people around the world, create jobs in Ireland and deepen expertise in neuroscience and ageing.
“The sum donated is huge but so, too, is the problem we are trying to solve. There is hardly a family anywhere that has not experienced dementia in some shape or form,” he said.
Prof Bruce Miller of University of California San Franciso said the scale of funding and training in the dementia initiative could help change the course of this disease and protect vulnerable people around the world.
“We want to train leaders, not just in medicine and public policy, but also social science, journalism, law, business and the arts, who can teach others about the preventable causes of cognitive impairment, which disproportionately affect the poor,” he said.

Up to 15% of Irish homes have no access to broadband services – report

   
Respondents say, compared to two years ago, they are paying around €7 less per month for mobile phone bills
Up to 15% of Irish homes do not have access to broadband services and fewer younger people are watching live scheduled TV programming, according to a new survey focusing on our relationship with technology.
The study, commissioned by ComReg and carried out by RedC, also suggests that consumers are paying less for TV, broadband and mobile services when compared with 2013.
Over three quarters (76%) of homes across the country have access to fixed broadband.
This figure rises to 89% for Dublin homes, while just 66% of homes in rural Ireland have broadband access.
The research indicates that although 96% of homes have access to TV services, 9% of households use Netflix and spend an average of seven hours per week viewing the video streaming service.
Moreover, 14% of online paid-for TV service users said they have stopped watching live TV.
The data also suggests that traditional TV viewing has declined among younger audiences, with 6% of 18-24 year olds having no TV subscription (compared with 2% across age groups).
Sky is most popular provider of TV services in the country, with a 49% market share. UPC is next with 23%, while Saorview has risen to third spot at 19%.
With regard to mobile phone usage, the ComReg research shows the ownership rate for a mobile phone among Irish people stands at 97%.
Women and those aged between 18 and 24 are the most likely to use social media and instant messaging on mobile phones, while 12% of respondents who use these services said they have stopped sending traditional text messages as a result.
Vodafone has the largest market share among mobile service providers at 42%, followed by Three (28%), and Eir (23%).
Respondents say, compared to two years ago, they are paying around €7 less per month for mobile phone bills.
Fewer than half (46%) of people aged between 18 and 24 now use landlines at home, while 88% of those over the age of 65 still have a home landline.
From the 1,039 interviews conducted for the study, the vast majority of respondents (70%) purchase TV, phone, and broadband services in bundles. This rate falls to just 49% in rural areas.
Those buying TV, phone, and broadband services in a bundle claim they are now paying €4 less per month than they were in 2013.
The number of bundles sold that cover broadband, TV and phone has doubled since 2013, from 16% to 33%.
ComReg also commissioned similar research for Irish SMEs, with the results showing that 68% of firms use social media for business purposes, while Facebook is the most popular site.
Of the 500 companies surveyed by RedC, 55% of them use the social network to engage with potential customers.

Superbugs breach final antibiotic line of defence

E.coli strain showing resistance to colistin isolated from intensively farmed pig in China 

   

Superbugs are thought to have spread from animals & have smashed through the last line in antibiotic defences and now pose a global threat, scientists say.

Researchers identified a gene that makes infectious bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) highly resistant to polymyxins, the last group of antibiotics left after all others have failed.
The discovery in China, described as “extremely worrying” by one scientist, suggests the gene can easily be transferred to bacteria with the potential to cause epidemics.
Besides E. coli they include the pneumonia bug Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can trigger serious lung, blood and surgical infections.
An E.coli strain showing resistance to the polymyxin drug colistin was isolated from an intensively farmed pig in Shanghai during routine testing.
Scientists found the bug was able to transfer its immunity to the drug to other strains via the mobile gene mcr-1. This led to further tests of bacterial samples collected from pigs at slaughter in four Chinese provinces, and pork and chicken sold in 30 open markets and 27 supermarkets across Guangzhou province between 2011 and 2014.
Bacteria from infected patients at two hospitals in Guangdongand Zhejiang provinces were also tested.
A high prevalence of the resistance gene was found in E. coli bugs isolated from animals and raw meat samples. The gene was also identified in 16 E.coli and K. pneumoniae samples taken from 1,322 hospitalised patients.
Alarmingly, the proportion of samples testing positive for the super-resistance gene increased from year to year, said the scientists.
Lead researcher Professor Jian-Hua Liu, from the South China Agricultural University in Guangzhou, said: “These are extremely worrying results. The polymyxins (colistin and polymyxin B) were the last class of antibiotics in which resistance was incapable of spreading from cell to cell. Until now, colistin resistance resulted from chromosomal mutations, making the resistance mechanism unstable and incapable of spreading to other bacteria.
“Our results reveal the emergence of the first polymyxin resistance gene that is readily passed between common bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klesbsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that the progression from extensive drug resistance to pan-drug resistance is inevitable.”
It was likely that polymyxin resistance via mcr-1 originated in animals before spreading to humans, said the scientists writing in The Lancet Infectious Diseases journal.
Increasingly heavy use of colistin by Chinese farmers may have helped E.coli to acquire the gene, they added.
Worldwide, the demand for colistin in agriculture was expected to reach almost 12,000 tonnes per year by the end of this year, rising to 16,500 tonnes by 2021.
The scientists wrote: “The emergence of mcr-1 heralds the breach of the last group of antibiotics. Although currently confined to China, mcr-1 is likely to emulate other resistance genes… and spread worldwide. There is a critical need to re-evaluate the use of polymyxins in animals and for very close international monitoring and surveillance of mcr-1 in human and veterinary medicine.”
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture has launched an immediate risk assessment of colistin use in animal feed additives.
British experts called the discovery “disturbing” and “alarming”.
Dr David Burch, veterinary surgeon and an independent member of the Ruma (Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture) Alliance, said: “The report of a new resistance gene (mcr-1) against polymixins (colistin) found in Escherichia coli from pigs in China, which can be potentially plasmid transferred between bacterial species and potentially to man via meat, is indeed disturbing and disappointing.”
He pointed out that China’s pig farming industry is the largest in the world, more than twice the size of Europe’s. The use of generic antimicrobial drugs in animals is not normally under veterinary control in China.
The risk of the resistance gene spreading was heightened by increased trade and tourism bridging China and the West, said Dr Burch.
Professor Nigel Brown, president of the Microbiology Society, said: “This discovery that resistance to colistin can be transferred between bacteria is alarming.
“Although resistance to this important and widely-used polymyxin group of antibiotics has previously been shown, it was generally caused by mutation in individual organisms. Now that it has been demonstrated that resistance can be transferred between bacteria and across bacterial species, another line of defence against infection is in danger of being breached.
“We need careful surveillance to track the potential global spread of this resistance, and investment in research to discover new drugs with different modes of action.”

Climate change is ‘single biggest threat’ to polar bear survival

   
‘High probability’ of a 30% decline in polar bear numbers by 2050 due to retreating sea ice, IUCN study finds
In Canadian towns such as Churchill, polar bears have already come into conflict with humans as the ice season in Hudson Bay shortens.
Global warming is now the single most important threat to the survival of the polar bear with retreating sea ice set to decimate populations, according to a new study by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
It found a “high probability” that the planet’s 26,000 polar bears will suffer a 30% decline in population by 2050 due to the loss of their habitat, which is disappearing at a faster rate than predicted by climate models.
“There is a high risk of extinction and the threat is serious,” said Dena Cator of the IUCN’s species survival commission. “You could consider polar bears to be a canary in the coal mine. They are an iconic and beautiful species that is extremely important to indigenous communities. But changes to their sea ice habitat are already being seen as a result of climate change.”
The animals, already classified as vulnerable by the IUCN, depend on seasonal sea ice, which they use as a platform to hunt ring seals and bearded seals after their summer fast.
But the extent of sea ice at its lowest point each year, in September, has shrunk at a rate of 14% per decade from 1979 to 2011, with the fourth-lowest extent recorded this year.
Annual ice-free periods of five months or more will spread hunger among polar bears, the IUCN said, pushing the species over a “tipping point”, with widespread reproductive failure and starvation in some areas.
Latest projections indicate that swaths of the Arctic could be ice-free for five months of the year or more by mid-century. Three of the 19 sub-population groups of polar bears studied are already in decline, in Baffin Bay, Kane Basin and the Southern Beaufort Sea.
But warming temperatures could also increase diseases among the polar bear’s traditional prey, further reinforcing the negative spiral. Pollution, human encroachment, and resource exploitation such as oil drilling only add to this dynamic.
In Canadian towns such as Churchill, polar bears have already come into conflict with humans, as the ice season in the western Hudson Bay has fallen by about one day per year over the last three decades.
Polar bears fight for survival as sea ice melts – video
“Human-bear conflict strategies are really coming into play in Churchill,” Cator said. “Polar bears are opportunists, like other bears. They look for what they can eat. When there is no sea ice, they will scavenge anything from whale carcasses to small animals or human rubbish.”
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Because the charismatic bears sit at the top of polar food chains, their decline could be devastating for local ecosystems, which could become unbalanced and chaotic.
It could also affect indigenous communities which have traditionally hunted the animals for food and fur. In some mythologies, where polar bears are revered as wise, powerful and almost human, the sense of loss is acute.
“In living memory, my people have never experienced the extinction of any animals in Greenland, so losing the polar bear would be very sad,” said Bjarne Lyberth, a biologist for KMAPK, the hunters and fishers’ association of Greenland.
Some communities in east Greenland still speak of mythical giant polar bears living on sea ice far from human civilisation, Lyberth said. But Greenland is poor – only 2% of the frozen country is arable – and KMPAK lobbies for an extension of polar bear hunting permits.
Bear skins are a status symbol in northern Greenland, and frequently used for clothing. In 2012, Greenland contributed 138 kills to the world’s annual cull of 700-800 polar bears.
An underwater view of a polar bear ( Ursus maritimus) swimming near Harbour Islands in Hudson Bay. Photograph: Paul Souders/Corbis
Lyberth was wary of the IUCN’s assessment – which he had not seen – even though it surveyed all 19 polar bear populations in the most comprehensive science-based assessment yet undertaken.
“No hunter that I know can see any decline in the polar bear populations,” he said. “They are observing more polar bears in east Greenland. Twenty years ago, hunters had to travel hundreds of kilometres to find polar bears. Now they come to the town of Ittoqqortoormiit.”
Charlotte Moshøj, a wildlife biologist who has studied the region attributed this to global warming already underway. “There aren’t more bears,” she told the Arctic Journal. “There is less habitat.”
Last September, the five polar bear range states – Greenland, Canada, the US, Russia and Norway – agreed a Polar action plan, which the IUCN describes as “the first global conservation strategy to strive for the long-term persistence of polar bears in the wild”.