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Showing posts with label Legal advice. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Legal advice. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 30, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG update

Fianna Fáil move closer to Fine Gael  for talks on Irish Government

GREEN PARTY EXPECTED TO DROP OUT OF TALKS ON FORMATION OF NEXT GOVERNMENT

    

FIANNA FÁIL LEADER MICHEÁL MARTIN: DUE TO MEET THE GREEN PARTY, INDEPENDENT ALLIANCE AND A GROUP OF RURAL TDS.

Separate talks on government formation between Fine Gael and Fianna Fail and Independent TDs will continue on Wednesday amid signs of growing momentum towards contacts between the two big parties ahead of the Dáil’s resumption next week.
Acting Taoiseach Enda Kenny met with Independent TDs for over ten hours at Government Buildings on Tuesday , where both sides reported good progress was made towards a programme for government.
However, the Green Party leader Eamon Ryan is to seek the views of membership as to whether it should remain a part of talks on the formation of a government. The party looks set to drop out of any negotiations, which will be a blow to Fine Gael attempts to assemble support for Enda Kenny in the next vote for Taoiseach.
With the reality of Dáil arithmetic obvious to all participants, senior sources at Leinster House expect imminent contacts between Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil.
Mr Kenny offered an array of commitments to rural Independent TDs on Tuesday with a package which proposed increased investment in broadband and on the rural transport network. Fine Gael also insisted it would not move to close any small schools, post offices or Garda stations if in government and would protect the credit union sector. The talks also dealt with housing and mental health.
In addition, Fine Gael presented the Independents with a paper on how a minority Government would work in practice. The paper, promising “a new form of government”, outlined how legislation would be passed with a minority government, allowing different levels of responsibility from ministers and backbenchers. Fine Gael promised ‘good faith and no surprises’, pledging to keep all deputies informed of government policy development and announcements of interest to them.

Fianna Fáil bent on scraping water charges despite treat of legal advice

PUBLICATION OF IRISH WATER LEGAL ADVICE CRITICISED BY SINN FÉIN.

  

SINN FEIN MEP LYNN BOYLAN SAID THIS LEGAL OPINION IS LEAKED AT A TIME WHEN FINE GAEL AND FIANNA FAIL ARE BEING FORCED TO SPEAK TO ONE ANOTHER.

Fianna Fáil has insisted it will abolish water charges despite legal advice given to Irish Water warning there is no possibility under European law for the State to suspend or scrap the charges.
The party came under renewed pressure yesterday (Tues) to outline its position on the levies after details of the legal advice provided to Irish Water became public .
The party’s public expenditure spokesman Sean Fleming said Fianna Fail’s position had not changed.
He said: “We absolutely contest the legal advice being put forward by Irish Water.
“It is important to recognise that this legal advice was commissioned by Irish Water, and it should be examined with caution in light of this.
“It’s extraordinary to see Irish Water quoting EU rules as sacrosanct considering they failed to meet the key Eurostat market test last year.”
The legal advice commissioned by Ervia, the parent company of Irish Water, argues that there is no option under EU law to return to the practice of not charging for water. The advice was delivered after the recent general election.
It says the default position in the EU directive is that member states must recover the costs of water services. Water-pricing policies are intended to contribute to environmental objectives, it adds.
No reason for conclusion?
The position places a great deal of pressure on Fianna Fail, who has insisted it will abolish charges if in government. Mr Fleming said there is no reason to conclude this cannot be done by a future government.
He said: “In fact, we believe it is entirely possible for the next government to suspend water charges and invest in our water infrastructure.
“The Fianna Fáil position on water charges has not changed. We do not support the continued imposition of water charges on households.”
Sinn Féin MEP Lynn Boylan called on the company to publish the advice given to it by senior counsel Garrett Simons and Michael M Collins.
She insisted the advice did not tally with that of the European Commissionand claimed the information was being published to suit the political agenda of certain parties.
“It is very suspicious the timing of this leaked legal opinion because it falls nicely into the hands in terms of forming a government for Fianna Fail to get them off the hook and say ’it is nothing to do with us, it is the legal opinion’,” she said.
“I would be very suspicious of the timing of this leak. If Irish Water have nothing to hide then let us see the legal opinion.”
Ms Boylan claimed the legal opinion, details of which were published in yesterday’s Irish Times, was being leaked at a time when Fine Gael and Fianna Fail were being forced to speak to one another.
Anti-Austerity Alliance TD Paul Murphy said 70 per cent of the electorate had voted for parties in favour of abolishing water charges.
He said in response Irish Water had “engaged in a desperate rear-guard action to try to maintain itself”.
Mr Murphy said: “I don’t trust Fianna Fáil as far as I can thrown them. The only way to ensure abolition is to do two things. One is to step up the boycott and the second thing is we need a massive, united demonstration on the streets.”

Farmers carry crucifixes and makeshift coffin in protest outside Ulster Bank on farm & home eviction’s

     

MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC DURING A NEW LAND LEAGUE PROTEST TO HIGHLIGHT FINANCIAL PRESSURES ON IRISH PEOPLE

Dozens of farmers and members of the New Land League carried crucifixes and a makeshift coffin as they demonstrated outside the offices of a major bank and sub-prime lender this afternoon.
Carrying placards shaped like a coffin and black and white photographs of Irish nationalist and Land League founder Charles Stewart Parnell, they held a peaceful demonstration outside the Dublin headquarters of the Ulster Bank and the office of Carlisle Mortgages on Parnell Square.
Members of the public during a new Land League protest to highlight financial pressures Photo: Gareth Chaney Collins
Protest organiser and New Land League spokesman Jerry Beades said the protests were staged to highlight the ongoing plight of thousands of ordinary homeowners and farmers who now face repossession of their homes, eviction from their property  and/or insurmountable debts due to crippling interest rates charged by unregulated money lenders and sub prime lenders.
The stress and anxiety over losing their homes or being mired in debt with no recourse has already lead some farmers and others to take their own lives, Mr Beades said.
“There’s a man whose family are here today who is facing jail in a couple of weeks. He was in jail last year over the same bank. This was subprime lending at its worst. It was a scam the way people were lent money,” he said.
“They were lent at low interest rates to get them out of a particular debt problem and then the interest rate doubled and trebled. They borrowed €300,000 or €400,000 and now they owe €1.5m,” he said.
He said many borrowers were denied loans by the banks and turned to subprime lenders out of desperation, not aware that the interest rates could change, in some cases as high as 26pc.
“They were told that (a company) would do everything to get their credit rating back and they would get them back (dealing) to a mainstream bank in 12 months. But once you got involved with them, none of mainstream banks would touch you and people were caught in. But nobody knew what they were getting into,” he told Independent.ie.
Mr Beades said Ulster Bank was targeted yesterday because  it is selling allegedly selling off outstanding agricultural and other debts to hedge or “vulture” funds whose strict terms for repayment often results in property owners losing their homes and farms.
A spokeswoman for Ulster Bank declined comment on the protest, which ended without incident an hour after gardai were called.
Officials from Carlisle could not be reached for comment.

Oil prices fall, as demand fails to keep up with swelling global supply

   
Oil prices fell about 3% on Tuesday, reflecting growing concern that a two-month rally was fading as demand fails to keep up with swelling global supply, including new output from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
Remarks by U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen, which were seen as generally dovish for the interest rate outlook, sparked a brief rebound before prices slumped again.
Brent futures settled down $1.13 at $39.14 (U.S.) a barrel while U.S. crude settled $1.11 lower at $38.28 per barrel.
The decision by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to resume oil production at the jointly operated 300,000-barrel-per-day Khafji field, at a time when production is supposed to be frozen, triggered the heavy selloff in oil markets, traders said.
“The capacity of that field in the Neutral Zone is more than what Ecuador produces. If they do freeze, it will not be at the January levels but at a lot higher figure,” one trader said, referring to the Kuwait-Saudi border area where Khafji is located.
Earlier, Yellen told the Economic Club of New York that the Fed should proceed “cautiously” as it looks to raise rates again because inflation has not yet proven durable against the backdrop of looming global risks to the U.S economy.
Hawkish comments from several Fed officials last week put investors on guard for the likelihood of two rate hikes this year, triggering a widespread correction in commodities and bolstering the dollar.
“The comments today suggest that it (next rate hike) may be more delayed and the dollar getting whacked is providing support to oil, although oil is still trending to the downside in the short term,” Energy Management Institute analyst Dominick Chirichella said.
The dollar index slipped to an eight-day low following Yellen’s comments, making greenback-denominated commodities cheaper for holders of other currencies.
Oil prices have risen more than 30 per cent since mid-February, ahead of an April 17 meeting in Doha where the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other major suppliers including Russia will discuss an output freeze aimed at bolstering prices.
But with global inventories swelling and signs some OPEC members are losing market share, the meeting is unlikely to do much to prop up prices, analysts and traders said. Rising gasoline demand in the United States is not seen keeping pace with the increased worldwide supplies.
Oil prices sank further after a source familiar with Iranian thinking said Tehran would attend the meeting in Doha, but not necessarily take part in negotiations over production freezes.
Market watchers now believe the rebound in U.S. crude prices from 12-year lows touched in February was more the consequence of a major short covering rally and less to do with improving fundamentals.
The oil market is also bracing for American Petroleum Institute inventory data due at 1630 EDT (2030 GMT), which is expected to show that U.S. commercial crude stock piles have reached record highs for a seventh straight week, while refined product inventories likely fell.

A gene linked to blood pressure ‘helps regulate salt consumption’

   

A GENE LINKED TO BLOOD PRESSURE HELPS TO REGULATE THE CONSUMPTION OF SALT, RESEARCH HAS SHOWN.

Removing the gene from the brains of mice caused the animals to develop a strong appetite for salt. Offered the choice of water laced with salt, they drank three times more of it than unmodified mice.
Drinking salty water pushed up the blood pressure of mice missing the gene, scientists found. When the saltwater was removed, their blood pressure returned to normal.
Dr Matthew Bailey, from the University of Edinburgh, who led the research published in the journal Circulation, said: “In the UK we routinely eat much more salt than our bodies need. For most people this is bad for our heart, blood vessels and kidneys.
“Our study shows that we have a genetic drive to consume salty food. Understanding how this process works may help us reduce the amount of salt we eat and make it easier for people to follow low-salt diets.”
In humans, the salt-regulating gene is known to be linked to high blood pressure – but the way this mechanism is controlled is unclear.
The Edinburgh team now plans to investigate whether an affordable drug can help bring salt intake under control in heart failure patients.
Eating less salt is important for people with heart failure. The condition causes the body to hold on to extra salt and water, leading to fluid build-up in body tissues which imposes a greater load on the heart.
  • Rather than spreading jam, marmalade, syrup, treacle or honey on your toast, try a lower-fat spread, sliced banana or lower-fat cream cheese instead.
  • Check nutrition labels to help you pick the foods with less added sugar, or go for the lower-sugar version.
  • Try halving the sugar you use in your recipes – it works for most things except jam, meringues and ice cream.
  • Choose tins of fruit in juice rather than syrup.
  • Choose wholegrain breakfast cereals, but not those coated with sugar or honey.
  • Limit fruit juice to a small (150ml) glass a day from juice, smoothies or both. Remember to keep it to mealtimes, as it can cause tooth decay.

Mystery surrounds the whereabouts of Shakespeare’s “stolen” skull

BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN STOLEN 200 YEARS AGO, RADAR HAS REVEALED AN “AN ODD DISTURBANCE AT THE HEAD END”

   
David Tennant plays the title role in Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ in a 2009 production [Pixabay]
In what is being called “an odd disturbance at the head end,” it appears that the skull of William Shakespeare, arguably the most famous playwright in history, may well be missing from his place of rest – the strongest indication yet that someone might have made off with his head more than 200 years ago.
Rumours that the bard’s burial place was burglarised has long persisted, but the actual grave itself in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, has never been opened for investigation – for two reasons: firstly, out of respect to England’s most well-known writer, and secondly, the grave is marked with a rhyming curse on his tombstone: “Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare, to dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man that spares these stones, and cursed be he that moves my bones.”
The grave of William Shakespeare, along with the so-called curse, believed to have been penned by him, carved into the tombstone
Finally, in 2014, after centuries of speculation, a research team from Staffordshire University scanned Shakespeare’s grave using ground-penetrating radar, with the project leader Kevin Colls left scratching his head.
“We’re reasonably confident that there’s a good chance that William’s skull is no longer there,” Colls told the New York Times.
The only suspect in the case as it stands comes from a story written in 1879 called How Shakespeare’s skull was stolen, published in the pulp periodicalArgosy and pointing the finger at a certain “Warwickshire man” circa 1794.
The article alleges that Frank Chambers, a local doctor described as “a wild, rather dashing young fellow; not bad looking,” dug into Shakespeare’s grave, taking the skull from within. The Argosy piece implies Chambers never returned it, but offers very little on the mystery that now presents itself – if Shakespeare’s skull was indeed stolen, where is it now?
What has been confirmed is that a skull in a nearby village – long rumoured to be the bard’s – is most certainly not; research into its origins revealed that it belonged to a woman. But with the local Stratford church expressing no interest into exhuming Shakespeare’s remains, we may never know for sure the fate of his head.  

Thursday, February 4, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Martin says Fianna Fáil can win most seats in the general election,

THE PARTY LEADER OF FF SAYS HE HAS A ‘FAR STRONGER SOCIAL CONSCIENCE’ THAN ANY OF ITS RIVALS.

  
The Fianna Fáil director of elections Billy Kelleher TD (left) and party leader Micheál Martin TD during the launch of Fianna Fáil’s general election campaign in Dublin on Wednesday last.
Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin has said his party is capable of winning the most seats in the general election and providing an alternative government to Fine Gael and Labour.
Speaking after the launch of Fianna Fáil’s election campaign in central Dublin on Wednesday, Mr Martin pointed to the party emerging as the largest after the 2014 local elections. He also said Fianna Fáil was more competitive than it had been given credit for in many of the constituencies.
In an interview today Wednesday, Mr Martin said though the local elections were a different type of election, the party had out-performed the polls. He argued that it could repeat the performance on February 26th – polling day.
Asked what the party would do if that were to happen, Mr Martin would not go into specifics.
“We will go into government, again deciding on whom the people decide to give the maximum number of votes to,” he said.

“FINE GAEL HAD RULED OUT FIANNA FÁIL AND WE HAVE RULED OUT THEM. SINN FÉIN HAS RULED OUT FIANNA FÁIL BUT WE HAVE RULED OUT THEM FOR REASONS WE HAVE ALREADY MADE CLEAR.

“But there are other parties. Obviously we want to create a different type of Ireland in the next five years. That will be the litmus test of us going into government.”
70 candidates for Fianna Fáil.
Mr Martin told a press conference that the party was going to run an active campaign in every community. He said it was running 70 candidates, providing a mix of “proven experience and new faces”
“We will hold this Government to account and promote a positive message. We want an Ireland for all,” he said.
Mr Martin repeated his attack oin Fine Gael as a “party of the wealthy”. “Five budgets out of five were weighted in favour of the wealthiest,” he claimed.
He said Fianna Fáil was offering a choice on the way we want to take this country forward.
“The choice is between a party Fine Gael that wants to look after the wealthiest in our society and a party like Fianna Fáil that wants to look after all of our people,” he added.
“Getting access to health, young people getting access to education, creating decent quality jobs, good quality homes, and ending homelessness. These are our priority issues…That is a choice People need a choice. It can’t be a coronation.”
Asked was there one thing that distinguishesd Fianna Fáil from its rivals, he replied: “We have a far stronger social conscience in terms of getting a fairer society in place.”
He told the press conference that Fine Gael and Labour were claiming credit for measures they opposed before last election “I reject the notion that people must choose between a strong economy and decent society,” he said.

Ireland’s Election 2016 & some basics you need to know

  

THE TAOISEACH HAS ANNOUNCED THE ELECTION WILL TAKE PLACE ON FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26 AND ALMOST FIVE YEARS TO THE DAY SINCE THE LAST ELECTION.

This will make it the shortest campaign in the history of the State – 21 days pre-voting day.
The last General Election was held on February 25, 2011 so you might need a little refresher on how things work.

HERE’S ALL OF WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.

THE BASICS ARE:

  1. – You must be 18 or over to vote
  2. – A member’s official Irish title is Teachta Dála (TD) which in English means Deputy to the Dáil. To stand for election to the Dáil, a person must be at least 21.
  3. – The law states a General Election to Dáil Éireann must be held at least once every five years.
  4. – The country is divided into constituencies, each of which elects either three, four or five Members.
  5. – Under the Constitution, there must be at least one Member for every 20,000 to 30,000 people
  6. – The constituencies must be revised at least once in every 12 years. In practice, constituencies are revised on the publication of the results of each census.
What do TDs do?
They divide their time between their constituency (meeting local people and groups, holding advice clinics and working on local issues) and attendance in the Dáil and its specialist committees.
How many TDs are there?
There are at present 166 Members of the Dáil, representing 43 constituencies. However, that is set to change after the upcoming election.
The constituency commission in 2012 was given the task of reducing Dáil numbers to between 153 and 160. It was decided that 158 seats was the most appropriate number to meet the constitutional population to Dáil deputy requirement. Nearly 500 candidates will be competing for these 158 seats come February 26.
The number of 158 includes the Ceann Comhairle, Seán Barrett, who will be automatically returned.

THE NUMBER OF CONSTITUENCIES WAS ALSO REDUCED BY THREE FROM 43 TO 40.

That means that while the number of five-seat constituencies remains unchanged at 11, the number of three-seat constituencies will be 13 instead of 17 and the number of four-seat constituencies will be 16 instead of 15.
Who runs the country during an election?
The Taoiseach retains his role as do the ministers. The cabinet will still meet if necessary.
How are the votes counted?
Through Proportional Representation P.R.
On your ballot paper, you indicate your first choice by writing 1 and 2 opposite your second choice, 3 opposite your third choice and so on.
Essentially, if your first choice is either elected with a surplus of votes over the quota required to be elected or is eliminated, your vote is transferred to your second choice.If your second choice is elected or eliminated, your vote may be transferred to your third choice.

CONFUSED? DON’T WORRY, WE’LL PUBLISH A LONGER GUIDE TO PR IN THE COMING WEEKS.

WHEN WILL WE KNOW THE RESULTS?

The count starts at 9am on the day after polling day. The new Dáil will meet on Thursday, March 10 at 10.30am.
Does this affect the Seanad?
An election to Seanad Éireann must be held within 90 days of the dissolution of Dáil Éireann.
Am I registered to vote?
The electorate, which is based on the new register of electors published on February 1, 2016, currently stands at approximately 3.2 million.
If you are unsure whether you are registered to vote, visit CheckThe Register.ie.
If you’re not registered, there is still time to be included on the Supplement to the Register by filling in theRFA2 form. The form then needs to be signed by a member of An Garda Síochána and received by your local council at least 15 working days before polling.
You can also register a change of address on the Supplement with the RFA3 form

HSE did not tell of family of foster home abuse due to ‘legal advice’

   

‘ANN’ CONTINUED TO STAY AT FOSTER HOME FOR FOUR YEARS AFTER HSE REMOVED LAST VULNERABLE ADULT

The HSE director general Tony O’Brien (above left pic) said Ann’s family had been encouraged to stop sending their daughter to the foster home from 2009 but were not told of the abuse concerns.
The HSE did not tell the family of a woman with severe intellectual disabilities of its concerns about a risk to her of sexual abuse at a foster home in which she was staying because its legal advice was not to do so.
HSE director general Tony O’Brien told the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) it was the HSE’s legal advice that, because there was a report being compiled for it on allegations that another woman in the foster home being referred to as Grace she was subject to sexual abuse, the HSE could not tell the second woman’s family the details of its concerns about the foster home.
The second woman, being referred to as Ann, continued to stay at the former foster home in the south east four years after the HSE had removed the last vulnerable adult it had placed there (Grace).
Ann went to the home for 21 years, between 1992, when she was 12, until October 2013. She spent 12 nights per fortnight in the home until the HSE eventually insisted her family stop placing her there, the Oireachtas committee was told.
Ann was brought there privately by her family, going home every second weekend and continued to stay at the home despite the fact that Grace had been removed in 2009 amid serious concerns about alleged rape and neglect.
The removal of Grace occurred 13 years after the HSE had ceased all new placements in the home due to the alleged abuse concerns.
The HSE had said Grace was the last person placed in the home. However, last weekend it emerged another vulnerable adult, Ann, had been staying there, though had not been placed there by the HSE.
Mr O’Brien said Ann’s family had been encouraged to stop sending their daughter there from 2009.
He agreed a number of contacts, including a HSE social worker, had told the local HSE team in Ann’s family’s area, that she should not still be staying at the home.
“During June 2011, having been contacted by the gardaí, the HSE team at local level engaged with [Ann’s] family again to confirm there was a Garda investigation, to advise them of concerns and to invite them to make direct contact with an Garda if they wished.”
Asked by PAC member John Deasy TD (FG), whether her family were told the “tenor” of the concerns about the home, whether they were told about the alleged sexual abuse at the home, Mr O’Brien said it was his “understanding” that they were not.
Ann’s family, despite the HSE’s invitation to them to place her in alternative care “confirmed they had no concerns regarding the foster family and wished to continue their part-time contact with the foster mother”, said Mr O’Brien.
Pat Healy, HSE national director for social care, said that because Ann was an adult at this stage the HSE had no legal capacity to stop her family placing her there or to stop the home having her.
In October 2013 however, the HSE “demanded the foster family cease all care activity which was either current or which they might be minded to engage in towards the future”.
Mary-Lou McDonald TD (SF) said the implication that the state had no responsibility for Ann’s welfare, reminded her of the arguments the State had made around the “private” placing of women in Magdalene laundries. She said the state had responsibilities toward people using the home as a care setting.
Mr O’Brien was severely criticised at the meeting for the HSE’s handling of the matter.
Mr Deasy asked Mr O’Brien whether it was true that neither the foster home nor Grace had been visited by a social worker between 2001 and 2007. Mr O’Brien said this was his understanding.
Mr Deasy said that wasn’t just a “missed opportunity” to save Grace, it was “extremely serious, negligent to extraordinary proportions”.
Mr O’Brien said he was concerned, if the HSE went back though files and cases over the years, they would “find issues in other parts of the country”, with regard to safeguards and protections of vulnerable children and adults.
Some 47 children spent time in the foster home between 1983 and 2013.

Meanwhile:-

Leo Varadkar aware of foster home abuse allegations in 2014

MINISTER FOR HEALTH SAYS HE RECEIVED LETTER FROM WHISTLEBLOWER DETAILING SEX CLAIMS

  

THE MINISTER FOR CHILDREN JAMES REILLY (LEFT) AND MINISTER FOR HEALTH LEO VARADKAR (RIGHT) DURING AN ADDRESS TO FINE GAEL CANDIDATES AND SUPPORTERS BY TAOISEACH ENDA KENNY TD .

Minister for Health 70 candidates has confirmed he became aware of allegations of abuse at a foster home in late 2014.
Mr Varadkar said he received a letter from a whistleblower detailing sex abuse allegations at the foster care home in the south east.
He said he followed up with a meeting at an official level with Minister of State Kathleen Lynch and one of the whistleblowers in early 2015.
The Minister said: “The first thing we sought to establish was that nobody was still being put in risk and we did establish that right away that nobody was still being put at risk.
That was the most important thing. Anything else was about investigating what happened in the past. Two investigations had already occurred or were occurring at that stage.”
The Dáil’s Public Accounts Committee (PAC) has heard how a young woman, who has an intellectual disability and was left for almost 20 years in a foster home which was the subject of serious concerns over sexual abuse.
’Grace’ had been placed there in 1989 and remained there until 2009, despite the fact that other foster children had been removed by 1996.
The Government has agreed in principle to establish a Commission of Investigation into the allegations.
Mr Varadkar said he has been informed by the Health Service Executivedirector general Tony O’Brien that the key people involved in keeping ‘Grace’ in the home no longer work in the public service.
“There are people who may have had a role on other levels who have roles in Tulsa and the HSE as well. Anybody in every walk of life should reflect on the decisions they make and consider what the right thing to do is but at the same time to not forget these are still allegations and allegations have to be properly investigated,” he said.
“People have a right to a fair hearing.”
Mr Varadkar said people must be held accountable but it should not be the media or politicians who make that judgement.

Ravens will move food if spying is a possibility, A study shows

BIRDS SHARE HUMAN CAPACITY TO PREDICT OTHERS’ BEHAVIOUR EVEN IF COMPETITOR IS HIDDEN

   

Nevermore will this raven’s food above be stolen?

Ravens can assess the risk of being observed when hiding food and will change locations of a food cache if they think another raven has been spyingon them.
This seems a uniquely human capacity, to predict how another individual is thinking, but ravens can do it too even if the competitor ready to steal the food is hidden from sight.
Some animals may appear to have this skill, but it is difficult to prove, says Thomas Bugnyar and colleagues from the University of Vienna.
One bird may be responding to gaze clues rather than mental state, for example noting the line of sight of a another raven scoping out the hidden food.
To get around this the researchers trained ravens to use a peep hole to spy on one another. Sometimes the peep hole would be open and other times not, but the birds knew what another spying bird could see.
If a raven busy hiding food suddenly sees a possible thief it will change its behaviour in the sure knowledge it is being observed.
But the same evasive action occurs if the view is blocked other than through an open peep hole and the recorded sound of a raven is played. The raven making the cache knows it is probably being observed through the spy hole and acts accordingly.
It does not hesitate to hide food when it sees the peep hole is closed however and proceeds as if hidden from view even if it can hear a competitor in the other chamber.
“This strongly suggests that ravens make generalisations based on their experience and do not merely interpret and respond to behavioural cues from other birds,” the authors write in the journal Nature Communications.
This mental capacity is described as “theory of mind” and until now had only been seen in humans and non-human primates, the authors write.
“These findings confirm and unite previous work, providing strong evidence that ravens are more than mere behaviour-readers,