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Showing posts with label Oireachtas committee. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Oireachtas committee. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 16, 2017

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Investment bank JP Morgan move cements Capital Dock as flagship development

DUBLIN DOCKLANDS SCHEME TO HAVE 32,000SQ M OF OFFICE SPACE AND 190 RESIDENTIAL UNITS

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KENNEDY WILSON, THE DEVELOPMENT MANAGER OF THE CAPITAL DOCK SITE, WILL ULTIMATELY OWN AN 85% INTEREST IN THE SITE, WITH NAMA OWNING THE BALANCE.

Capital Dock, where JP Morgan has just acquired a 12,000sq m (130,000sq ft) building, is a development by Kennedy Wilson, an international real estate firm, in Dublin’s south docks. The 613,000sq m (660,000sq ft) development is a joint venture with the National Asset Management Agency (Nama) and Toronto-headquartered Fairfax Financial Holdings.
The US investment bank announced on Monday that it is to acquire a 12,000sq m building in a move that will provide it with the capacity to double its Irish work force to 1,000.
Kennedy Wilson confirmed that the bank would become the first major occupier of the Capital Dock development through a forward-funding sale agreement. It is understood JP Morgan will pay about €125 million for the building, about €10,400 per square metre or €961 per square foot.
“We are excited to welcome JP Morgan, through its acquisition of 200 Capital Dock, as the first major office occupier to commit to this best-in-class mixed-use campus development, to grow its existing business and meet its long-term plans in Ireland, ” said William McMorrow, chairman and chief executive of Kennedy Wilson.
Extending over 1.9 hectares (4.8 acres) on Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, the development will include 32,000sq m (345,000sq ft) of office space and 190 residential units.
Partnership
The partnership between Kennedy Wilson, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and Nama began as the former sought to get zoning for the Capital Docks site. Part of that site was acquired in mid-2013 when Kennedy Wilson and its equity partner took ownership of a 3.4 acre plot.
Kennedy Wilson is reported to have paid €106 million to secure its interest in the site.
In December 2014, a joint-venture agreement was signed between Kennedy Wilson, its equity partner and Nama. The arrangement entailed Kennedy Wilson and Nama merging their adjacent sites at Sir John Rogerson’s Quay.
Kennedy Wilson, the development manager of the site, would ultimately own an 85 per cent interest in the site with Nama owning the balance.
Planning for the site was awarded in October 2015 and site-enabling works began a month later. The main contract was awarded to Sisk in July 2016 and was one of the biggest commercial development contracts awarded in the Irish market in recent years
Nama originally held an interest of 75% in the 22 hectares of undeveloped land in the docklands strategic development zone. It is estimated that about 370,000 sq m (four million square feet) of commercial space and more than 2,000 apartments will ultimately be delivered on the 15 sites originally held by Nama.
Some €250 million is being invested in Capital Dock, which is situated directly opposite the Three Arena in Dublin’s docklands and which will accommodate two large office blocks and a 23-storey residential tower.
In an interview with The Irish Times last year, Kennedy Wilson’s global chairman and chief executive Bill McMorrow said of Capital Dock: “In Los Angeles, that would be a very big development. We’re very proud of that particular project.”
The first of three office buildings is due to be delivered at Capital Dock in late 2017, followed by 190 high-quality residential apartments in mid-2018.
Last year, Alison Rohan, head of Ireland for Kennedy Wilson, said the scheme, which was designed by Irish architecture firm O’Mahony Pike, was the largest mixed-use development in Dublin’s south docks.
“As a campus location offering over 330,000sq ft of flexible office space in addition to on-site residential, leisure and retail amenities, we expect it will appeal to both Irish and international companies looking for a location in the heart of the capital, and from which to grow their business.”

Enterprise Ireland report reveals Brexit impact on Irish exports

CLIENT COMPANIES RECORD BIG DROP IN UK EXPORT GROWTH IN 2016 AS STERLING DEPRECIATES

Image result for Enterprise Ireland report reveals Brexit impact on Irish exports  Image result for major slowdown in the growth of Irish exports to the UK in the wake of Brexit

ENTERPRISE IRELAND CHIEF EXECUTIVE JULIE SINNAMON: “WE HAVE TO WORK ON THE BASIS THAT BREXIT WILL CREATE NEW BARRIERS TO IRISH TRADE WITH THE UK.”

Client companies of Enterprise Ireland have reported a major slowdown in the growth of Irish exports to the UK in the wake of Brexit.
In its latest report, the State agency responsible for helping Irish companies access international markets said export growth to the UK had slowed from 12% in 2015 to 2% last year.
The fall-off was largely due to a decline in food exports, which have been worst hit by the recent depreciation in sterling. The UK accounted for about a third of the €21.6 billion in exports from Enterprise Ireland-supported firms last year.
“The fact that the growth of exports to the UK has slowed suggests that the impact of Brexit on Irish companies has already started,” said Enterprise Ireland chief executive Julie Sinnamon.
“Companies cannot afford to wait until the Brexit negotiations conclude – they must act now,” Ms Sinnamon said. “While diversifying from the UK might have been a desirable objective for Irish companies in the past, Brexit means that it is now an urgent imperative.”
New Euro-zone strategy
In response to the challenges posed by Brexit, Enterprise Ireland has launched a new euro-zone strategy, which aims to boost Irish exports to the bloc by 50% to €6 billion by 2020.
European Commission forecasts ‘robust expansion’ of Irish GDP
Speaking at the launch, Taoiseach Enda Kenny said helping companies to diversify into European markets was a significant plank of the Government’s overall Brexit strategy.
“Following the UK’s decision to leave the EU, the Government immediately acted to ensure our enterprise agencies had additional resources in order to offer all available assistance to our exporters to prepare for the challenges posed by Brexit,” he said.
Enterprise Ireland said its strategy would see it partner some 600 client companies, about half of which are what it described as “euro-zone start” – ie relatively new to the euro-zone market and heavily reliant on the UK.
The remainder were “euro-zone scale”, meaning they were already exporting into the bloc, it said.
Additional resources use?
Ms Sinnamon said some of the additional resources would be used to fund euro-zone market research and feasibility grants.
“This strategy is about driving one of the most significant shifts in the footprint of our client exports in the euro zone,” she said. “We have to work on the basis that Brexit will create new barriers to Irish trade with the UK.
“On the other hand, euro-zone markets can provide currency stability, proximity and potential for growth and opportunities for Irish companies,” she added.
Despite the economic uncertainty hanging over world markets, exports from Enterprise Ireland client companies grew by 6% to €21.6 billion last year. The UK accounted for more than a third of the total.
Export sales grew across most territories, the agency noted, with growth in the United States and Canada jumping by 19% to €3.7 billion, followed by the Asia Pacific region, which was up 16% to €1.8 billion.
On a sector-by-sector basis, the strongest export growth globally was in software and internationally traded services. which grew by 16% to €4.3 billion.
Life sciences, engineering, cleantech, paper print, packaging and electronics exports rose by 10 per cent to €3.9 billion while construction, timber and consumer retail exports increased by 8 per cent to €2.9 billion.

Garda Commissioner O’Sullivan may go before special sitting of committee over Templemore

FITZGERALD BACKS GARDA COMMISSIONER TO ADDRESS ‘DEEP-SEATED ISSUES’

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AN OLD PAL’S PACT IS BEING ACTED OUT IN PUBLIC?

MINISTER FOR JUSTICE FRANCES FITZGERALD HAS BEEN CRITICISED FOR SUPPORTING THE GARDA COMMISSIONER’S RETENTION IN HER ROLE.

The Oireachtas Public Accounts Committee may hold special sittings before the end of this month to re-examine Garda Commissioner Nóirín O’Sullivan on the extent of her knowledge of financial irregularities at Templemore Garda College.
The committee had originally invited the Garda Commissioner to attend its meeting on July 13th as part of its inquiry into the inflated Garda breath-test figures controversy.
However, at its meeting on May 4th, a senior civilian employee in the Garda – director of human resources John Barrett – gave an account of a meeting on the Templemore college issue that contradicted Ms O’Sullivan’s account of how and when she became aware of financial irregularities in the Garda training college.
Members of the PAC said on Monday they wanted the Garda Commissioner to come before it at a much earlier date to respond to that controversy.
Its chair, Sean Fleming (Fianna Fáil), said the committee would decide on Thursday what witnesses, besides the Garda Commissioner, it would recall and the programme of work that would be involved.
Two committee members, Alan Kelly (Labour) and Catherine Connolly (Independent) said they wanted the Garda Commissioner to attend as soon as possible.
Special sittings needed?
In Mr Kelly’s case, he said it should happen as early as next week if possible, and argued that the committee could convene special sittings if necessary.
Ms Connolly said she wanted the hearing to be held “as quickly as possible”. She said the committee “was not happy to wait until July given the urgency and import of the matter”.
Meanwhile, Minister for Justice Frances Fitzgerald said on Monday she continued to support the Garda Commissioner and had no objective evidence that Ms O’Sullivan had done anything wrong.
Ms Fitzgerald is facing increasing political pressure over her support for Ms O’Sullivan as the force remains dogged by a series of controversies.
Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin and Labour have all strongly criticised Ms Fitzgerald for supporting the Garda Commissioner’s retention in her role.
Sinn Féin deputy leader Mary Lou McDonald and the party’s spokesman on justice Jonathan O’Brien confirmed they would consider tabling a motion of no confidence.

POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY

Ms Fitzgerald said “while of course the Opposition are going to ramp up the pressure and use the commissioner to ramp up pressure indeed on me, I would say that politics and political expediency aren’t going to sort out the very deep-seated issues in relation to An Garda Síochána”.
“I would also say that when you shine a light you see a lot of things that have been kept in the dark for a long period, and by previous governments indeed.
“The issues for example like Templemore and [phone] interception – the interception issues go back to the early 2000s with Fianna Fáil in government for 11 of the last 17 years.
“Templemore, we had reports in 2008, 2009; what action was taken then? And the idea that somehow you blame people who are trying to shine a light and do the current reforms is simply not the way that we are going to get real reform.”

Scientists find gene with key to bowel disorders

The gene, known as MDR1, governs an important extractor system for toxins in the gut, removing damaging substances from intestinal cells.
Image result for Scientists find gene with key to bowel disorders  Image result for Scientists find gene with key to bowel disorders  Image result for Scientists find gene with key to bowel disorders

SCIENTISTS HAVE IDENTIFIED A KEY GENE THAT HELPS TO EXPLAIN AN UNDERLYING CAUSE OF INCURABLE BOWEL DISORDERS, WHICH AFFECT AROUND 15,000 PEOPLE IN IRELAND.

A study found that blocking the effects of the beneficial gene can harm vital parts of the cell, and lead to bowel disease.
The findings boost understanding of the cause of these lifelong conditions and could lead to new treatments, scientists say.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) includes disorders such as Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. The causes of these conditions are unknown and there is currently no cure.
The gene, known as MDR1, governs an important extractor system for toxins in the gut, removing damaging substances from intestinal cells, scientists said.
A research team, led by the University of Edinburgh, showed that MDR1 function was lower in people with inflamed IBD compared with those without inflammation.
Experts then showed that mice without MDR1 had faulty mitochondria, parts of the cell known as “batteries”, which play a vital role in energy generation and cell health.
This mitochondrial dysfunction then resulted in colitis, inflammation of the inner lining of the bowel – a defining feature of IBD.
Researchers involved in the study analysed genetic data from 90,000 people, 40,000 of whom had IBD.
The university study also revealed that a drug called Mitoquinone, which protects the mitochondria against toxins, can reduce colitis and promote bowel recovery in the mice lacking MDR1. Scientists have described this as a “significant step forward”.
Lead author Dr Gwo-Tzer Ho, of Edinburgh’s MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, said: “IBD has a serious impact on quality of life. We have shown that MDR1 and mitochondrial function are important jigsaw pieces in the complex causes of IBD. Our studies highlight the importance of shielding the mitochondria from damage. This will open new approaches to drug targets that focus on the mitochondria to better design treatments for patients.”
The study, carried out with researchers at the University of Bristol, the USA and Japan, was published in the journal ‘Mucosal Immunology’.
Ireland’s capacity to conduct clinical trials to be expanded

Increased scale of clinical research has benefited many Irish patients with better outcomes

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NORMA HARTE (LEFT), JOAN JORDAN AND DR FIONNUALA KEANE AT THE HRB-CRCI SEMINAR TO MARK INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS DAY.

The scale of clinical research has improved dramatically in Ireland over the past five years, leading to better outcomes for patients and helping many avail of innovative treatments. But the health service needs to be better structured to facilitate trials and involve patients more to match achievements elsewhere in Europe, 200 delegates heard on Monday at a national seminar to mark International Clinical Trials Day 2017.
“Without such trials medical progress becomes a matter of chance,” said Prof Joe Eustace chair of the Health Research Bureau Clinical Research Coordination Ireland (HRB-CRCI) which acts as a co-ordinating centre for Ireland’s involvement in clinical trials. While there was a dramatic improvement in the scale of research, it was not yet sufficient for Ireland to become a world-class trial location, he said. In Denmark, which has a similar population to Ireland, it has five times the number of trials in train compared to the Republic.
“Clinical research not only save lives but enhances patients’ lives in the longer term as new products come into the market. Those countries that have embraced research as part of their national healthcare system have also witnessed better outcomes for their patients,” Prof Eustace added.
New clinical trials
Since 2014, there has been a 37% increase in the number of sites conducting clinical research in Ireland. In 2016 there were 15 hospitals and almost 300 clinical investigators working with clinical research facilities and centres around the country. Over the past number of years, more than 100 new clinical trials have opened in Ireland, delegates heard at the event, which was hosted by the HRB-CRCI in Dublin.
Investments in physical infrastructure, researchers and research networks had been the springboard to the recent upsurge in clinical trials activity in our health system, noted Dr Mairead O’Driscoll, interim HRB chief executive. Between now and 2020, it is planned to spend a further €54 million to maintain and expand Ireland’s capacity to conduct clinical trials and healthcare intervention studies, she added.
In practice, there was a need for all interested health professionals to have the capacity to test new innovative treatments, therapies and medical devices with their patients during their daily work, said Dr Pat O’Mahony chief executive of Molecular Medicine Ireland, a body set up by third-level institutions to help medical research yield benefits for patients. “It would mean greater and easier access for patients, and increased opportunities to collect research data… fundamentally increasing the clinical research scale we have in Ireland. Our ultimate aim should be that any patient who needs care, is suitable and has a desire to access novel treatments under development, could have the option to do so,” Dr O’Mahony added.
Paediatric research
Clinical trials were especially important in paediatric research as so many diseases originated during pregnancy or in early childhood, according to Prof Geraldine Boylan, director of the Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research based in Cork.
Young people were “protected from research” in the past, so much so very few drugs for children were developed. The reality is they cannot be treated as young adults and just given “a smaller dose”. Their make-up was different so they needed to be participants in research, including those at the earliest stages of life, to get the best possible outcomes. Where that involved a young baby, who was very ill at birth, or born prematurely, the whole family needed to be centrally involved, she said.
Prof Boylan outlined the circumstances of the birth of Tara-Lee to Norma and Jason Harte, who was born after a very difficult birth at Cork University Maternity Hospital, without a heartbeat having sustained a brain injury. She was treated in intensive care unit by cooling therapy where her core body temperature was brought down by several degrees over a 72-hour period. Now nearly 20 months old, Tara-Lee had benefited from a treatment which was developed by way of clinical research; her development since had been “absolutely perfect”.
Erin Dolan who lives in Lahinch, Co Clare, outlined how she participated in a clinical trial last year at University Hospital Galway during the months of her pregnancy as a consequence of having diabetes type 1 since she was 10. She had benefitted from continuous glucose monitoring, which accurately indicated her blood sugar level, and helped control high levels so it did not detrimentally affect her baby. While the trial required extra trips to hospital, “it was worth it as it benefited me and other women” in similar circumstances. Her daughter Maeve was born a normal, healthy baby, as a consequence.
User-friendly information
Patients needed to be more centrally involved in Irish clinical research to ensure a better success rate, said Dr Derick Mitchell of Irish Patient Organisations, Science and Industry, which supports delivery of health innovations to people with unmet medical needs.
Patients were trying to find out where clinical trials were happening, but they needed to make informed decisions. Having them centrally involved with user-friendly information of where trials were happening and how to get involved was essential. “Having them involved at the beginning can make a real difference in improving the quality of research,” he said.
For Ireland to be better recognised for its clinical research, where it can be done quickly and to the highest standard, Dr Mitchell said there was a need for clinicians in the health sector to be given “protected time” for their work, and for a central ethics committee to approve research rather than individual hospitals.

Scientists identify a 50-foot mystery sea beast washed up on Indonesian beach?

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A giant sea creature, possibly with tusks, washed up on a beach in Indonesia last week, freaking out people on the island of Seram and launching a global guessing game to determine what, exactly, it used to be.
A giant sea creature washes up on a beach in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, cellphones come out and the image goes around the world, prompting thousands to ask: What is it? Meanwhile, Serum Island residents are asking: How do we get rid of this thing?
A giant sea creature, possibly with tusks, washed up on a beach in Indonesia last week, freaking out people on the island of Seram and launching a global guessing game to determine what, exactly, it used to be.
As images of the floating carcass rocketed around the Internet, the scientific community asked itself: What is it? How did it get to an Indonesian island? And what does its presence say about climate change and whale migration habits?
The people of Seram have a more pressing query: How do we get rid of it?
Asrul Tuanakota, a 37-year-old fisherman, initially thought he had discovered a boat stranded in shallow water, according to the Jakarta Globe. On closer inspection, he determined that it was the rotting corpse of a 50-foot-long dead sea creature, possibly a giant squid because the remains looked like tentacles.
Blood seeping from the dead sea beast had turned the water near the coastline a bright red, which didn’t stop locals from wading in for a closer look and snapping pictures.
George Leonard, the chief scientist at the Ocean Conservancy, told the Huffington Post that the rotting carcass was probably a baleen whale, judging by parts of a protruding skeleton and what appear to be baleen plates used to filter out food.
Decomposition gases bloated the whale into a very un-whale-like shape, and some of the noxious gases were seeping out.
Seram, the largest island in the Maluku Island group, is near the migration routes for baleen whales, so it makes sense that one would be nearby. Locals have asked the government to help remove the carcass, the Huffington Post reported.
But dead whales usually sink to the bottom of the ocean, providing a years-long buffet for the creatures that dwell there, according to Live Science. The publication theorized that the whale had a bacterial infection that produced more gases or that it possibly died in warm waters, allowing bacteria to accumulate and gases to expand its body. It also could have died an unnatural death after being clipped by a ship.
Of course, things die in the ocean all the time producing all kinds of weird phenomena. But now fishermen and villages and tourists — and their smartphones — are coming into contact with dead sea things as they go through the circle of life.
For example, fishermen off the western coast of Australia found a humongous floating balloon of flesh that looked as if it was the first sign of an alien invasion. At first, the father and son thought they had encountered a hot-air balloon.
“When we got closer we realized it had to be a dead whale because of the smell,” Mark Watkins told the West Australian.
They snapped photos of the whale balloon, then headed to shore. By then, they said, circling sharks had taken bites of the dead creature, causing it to deflate.
This year, a giant, hairy sea creature washed up on a beach in the Philippines, according to the Daily Mail. Locals believe the unusual occurrence was brought on by a recent earthquake.   

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG Monday

Will Irish eyes be smiling after next Friday’s Moody’s review?

 

Government is hoping for a rating upgrade from Moody's.

Irish eyes will be on Moody’s Investors Services this Friday, but will they be smiling, as the ratings agency updates its view on the country?
The Government will be hoping for a ratings upgrade, with Moody’s being the only major agency that still classes Irish Government debt as risky.
National Treasury Management Agency chief executiveJohn Corrigan last week joked that his people were using their best chat-up lines to persuade Moody’s to lift Ireland’s credit rating out of junk. However, market commentators are split on whether the charm offensive will succeed when the ratings company delivers its latest verdict.
Moody’s, which gave Ireland its top Aaa grade in 1998 before the euro was introduced, cut the country’s rating to non-investment grade, or junk, in July 2011 following the financial collapse.
Minister for Finance Michael Noonan has said he hopes Moody’s will raise the country’s credit ranking this year.
Between the EU-IMF bailout programme exit and the NTMA’s success in securing €3.75 billion from a syndicated 10-year treasury bond issuance at a competitive yield of 3.543 per cent, the chances of an upgrade might just be improved. Moody’s analyst Kristin Lindow said the Irish sale of 10-year bonds “confirmed broad investor appetite for the Government’s debt at quite low yields, which is credit positive as the authorities undertake the next steps to regain debt sustainability amid a strengthening domestic recovery”.
However, she added that the bond sale has no direct relationship to the Moody’s rating per se.
Second bailout
Only last March, Moody’s expressed its view that Ireland would need a second bailout.
It expected Ireland would face challenges regaining market access in 2013 and would need to rely on the European Stability Mechanism, at least partially, when the bailout programme ended.
This Friday will also see the publication of a review of our fellow PIGS partner in crisis – Portugal. Standard & Poor’s will release its assessment on Portugal and while many market participants say an upgrade of the country’s “junk” status is unlikely, the ratings agency is expected to raise its outlook.

Some questions that TDs are likely to ask John Tierney of Irish Water about the 50million fees

 

John Tierney and other executives to appear at committee over €50m spend on consultants

John Tierney faces questions from the Oireachtas environment committee on the setup costs of Irish Water
Irish Water was quick to accept the invitation to appear before an Oireachtas committee tomorrow to explain itself and answer questions about the €50 million it spent on consultancy fees in its first year of operation.
The speed of its response indicated the seriousness with which it is taking the controversy. The company is clearly aware that it needs political and public support this year as it begins water metering in earnest.
Although the first bills with not drop through letterboxes until this time next year, they will be backdated to October 2014.
Water charges are likely to be one of the main political issues of the coming months, and any missteps from Irish Water will be met with howls of political and public outcry.
Chief executive John Tierney’s interview with Sean O’Rourke on RTÉ Radio last week has caused a rocky start, but Mr Tierney will have an opportunity to steady things at the Oireachtas environment committee.
Committee chairman Michael McCarthy, a Labour deputy for Cork-South West, says he expects a “full and frank” discussion.
Here are some key questions Mr Tierney is likely to face, and which he should deal with adequately.

What is the detailed breakdown of the €50 million consultancy spend?

Irish Water must deal with this issue satisfactorily or else there is little point in it turning up at the committee at all. It has previously said it is prevented from providing a breakdown for commercial reasons, but that excuse will not find any purchase with TDs. It is likely to be one of the first questions to be asked, and simply must be answered.

What service did each company provide?

As well as laying out the amount of money paid to each company, Irish Water must also detail the services each company provided, and why exactly the services were needed.

How come it took an RTE interview for the information to be disclosed?

If there is one thing TDs like less than being refused information by State bodies, it is having to look on while the media steals their thunder. The issue of Irish Water’s consultancy fees has been doing the rounds for a few months, and repeated parliamentary questions yielded no answers.
It took a question from Seán O’Rourke to draw the information from Mr Tierney. Expect the Irish Water chief executive to be asked why TDs couldn’t get the same answer.

22 year old man with a seven-week-long erection treated at Dublin hospital successfully

A FALL ON TO THE HANDLE BARS OF A MOUNTAIN BIKE STARTED AN ERECTION WHICH LASTED FOR SEVEN WEEKS.

The condition is known as a priapism.    
The condition is known as a priapism.

A Hospital in Dublin has successfully treated a man who had an erection lasting for as long as seven weeks.

The Irish Medical Journal reports that the erection began when the 22-year-old suffered “a blow to perineum when he fell on to the crossbar of his mountain bike”.
The man was in pain and discomfort for a number of days but when the pain subsided the man had an ongoing rigid erection.
Five-weeks later the man presented to the urology department at the Adelaide and Meath Hospital in Tallaght.
Doctors there found no signs of injury but the penis remained erect. The condition is known as a priapsim and there are only two reports of this ever occurring following a bicycle fall.
Doctors at the hospital found that the erection stopped when the penis was compressed but noted that “the penis rapidly refilled with blood to full tumescence”.
For two more weeks the condition was managed by a pressure dressing.
A penile angiograph was then taken and the number of catheters and a four platinum coils were inserted to cure the condition.
Thankfully, the unwanted erection was resolved immediately and the man had a uneventful recovery.
After one month the patient reported satisfactory erection and intercourse.  A happy ending for all involved.

Caffeine boosts long term memory for humans

  

The image of bleary-eyed college students surrounded by cups of coffee or cans of energy drinks used to fuel a late-night study session may not be a representation of the best study habits, but their beverage choice may give them an edge:

The caffeine in their drinks is a memory enhancer.

New research from Johns Hopkins University has concluded that caffeine has a positive effect on long-term memory in humans.
Writing in the journal Nature Neuroscience, the researchers report that caffeine enhances certain memories at least up to 24 hours after it is consumed.
“We’ve always known that caffeine has cognitive-enhancing effects, but its particular effects on strengthening memories and making them resistant to forgetting has never been examined in detail in humans,” said the paper’s senior author Michael Yassa, an assistant professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins. “We report for the first time a specific effect of caffeine on reducing forgetting over 24 hours.”
For the study Yassa and his colleagues recruited participants who do not regularly consume caffeine. The study subjects were asked to study a series of images, then were given either a 200-milligram caffeine tablet or a placebo tablet five minutes after studying.
The subjects caffeine levels were measured via salivary samples before the study session, and again one, three and 24 hours after the dose was administered.
The following day, the caffeinated group and the placebo group were both tested on their ability to recall the images from the previous day’s study session.
During the recall test, some of the images presented were the same ones, some were new additions, and other images were similar but not exactly the same as the items previously viewed.
Most members of the caffeinated group were able to correctly label similar images as such, versus erroneously identifying them as the same.
By being able to recognize the difference between two similar but not identical items, the subjects were demonstrating a deeper level of memory retention known as pattern separation.
“If we used a standard recognition memory task without these tricky similar items, we would have found no effect of caffeine,” Yassa said. “However, using these items requires the brain to make a more difficult discrimination — what we call pattern separation, which seems to be the process that is enhanced by caffeine in our case.”
Little research has been conducted on the effect of caffeine on long-term memory. Of the few studies that have been done, the general consensus was that caffeine had little to no effect on long-term memory. One reason the results were different with Yassa’s study may have been that the subjects were given caffeine only after they had view and attempted to memorize images.
“Almost all prior studies administered caffeine before the study session, so if there is an enhancement, it’s not clear if it’s due to caffeine’s effects on attention, vigilance, focus or other factors. By administering caffeine after the experiment, we rule out all of these effects and make sure that if there is an enhancement, it’s due to memory and nothing else,” said Yassa, who conducted the research at Johns Hopkins before moving his lab to the University of California, Irvine at the beginning of this year.
“The next step for us is to figure out the brain mechanisms underlying this enhancement,” he said. “We can use brain-imaging techniques to address these questions. We also know that caffeine is associated with healthy longevity and may have some protective effects from cognitive decline like Alzheimer’s disease. These are certainly important questions for the future.”

Recent storms cause €18m worth of damage to Galway

Large parts of the west coast suffered damage in the recent storms (Pic: Carsten Krieger) 

Storms which ravaged the West have caused more than €18m worth of damage to Galway county

As the clean-up continues, a report from Galway County Council laid out the extent of the damage caused. Roads, cemeteries and tourist spots were all seriously damaged by the storms and subsequent flood waters.
An interim submission by Galway County Council described the storms as “the worst such event in living memory based on local knowledge all along the Galway Coastline”.
It estimated the cost of the damage at €18.32m. However, it warned that the figure could be higher as a complete assessment of damaged locations was still ongoing.
“In many instances a more complete assessment cannot be made until clean-up operations have been completed and a number of locations particularly coastal areas require more rigorous investigation,” it added.
It added that approximated €500,000 had been spent on the clean-up cost to date.
Giving a breakdown of the damage, the county council stated that €6.5m was required for coastal protection of roads along the coast and on the islands. A further €3m was needed to repair damage to coastal lands. The council is now recommending a two stage coastal protection plan be implemented. This is expected to cost a further quarter of a million euro.
Damage was done to roads at 100 different locations, with sections of the road being washed away in several instances. The council estimate the cost of repairing these roads at €2m. A further €2m needed to repair piers and harbours across the country.
A total of six cemeteries near the coast were badly damaged. The council estimated a cost of €700,000 to carry out repairs to walls, boundary treatments and in some cases individual burial plots.
An estimated €2.5m will be required to repair tourism infrastructure including beaches, amenity areas, walkways, and parking areas.
“In addition to the direct damage to the beach itself, ancillary infrastructure has been badly impacted. Lifeguard huts have been severely damaged, associated bring banks and signage have also been blown away in certain areas.
“The beaches and adjoining areas have significant amounts of debris including litter and seaweed. Many of the adjoining sand dunes are severely damaged. There will be substantial costs associated with bringing these beaches back to an acceptable standard, in this area which is so dependent on tourism,” the report stated.
The council was also predicting a bill of €20,000 for environmental pollution, for the retrieval of a number of vehicles which were washed into the sea at Inisboffin and Cleggan.
Further costs were estimated for repairing inshore island causeways, (€100,000), the Inis Mheain Airstrip (€250,000) and non-coastal flooding damage of roads (€500,000)

Pine Island glacier melting reaches an irreversible level

ANTARCTIC ICE WATER FLOWING FASTER INTO THE OCEAN

  

A close-up view of the crack spreading across the ice shelf of Pine Island Glacier shows the details of the boulder-like blocks of ice that fell into the rift when it split in 2011. Last year, a giant mass of ice broke off Pine Island and slowly drifted away. 

Pine Island Glacier’s slow death is old news to most, but a new analysis of Antarctica’s massive ice sheet suggests the ice is melting much faster now and that the damage is “irreversible.” Research shows the massive 68,000-square-mile sheet of ice, believed to be the biggest single contributor to sea-level rise in Antarctica, has begun to shed water at a rate not seen before.
An international team of scientists from the CSC-IT Center for Science in Finland, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Universities of Exeter and Bristol combined field observations and computer models to forecast how the ice will change over the coming decades.
They concluded that the Pine Island Glacier has “started a phase of self-sustained retreat and will irreversibly continue its decline,” according to Gael Durand, a glaciologist from France. Scientists believe the glacier is capable of losing up to 100 billion tons of water a year, the equivalent of about a 10mm rise in global sea levels by 2034.
“The Pine Island Glacier shows the biggest changes in this area at the moment, but if it is unstable, it may have implications for the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet,” Dr. G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, who works for the British Antarctic Survey and was a researcher on the project, said in a statement.
“At the Pine Island Glacier, we have seen that not only is more ice flowing from the glacier into the ocean, but it’s also flowing faster across the grounding line — the [underwater] boundary between the grounded ice and the floating ice. We also can see this boundary is migrating further inland.”
Gudmundsson and the rest of the team analyzed the glacier’s grounding line, and according to the study, published Sunday in the journal Nature Climate Change, this line has receded 10 kilometers in the past 10 years and is likely to retreat an additional 30 kilometers over the upcoming decades.
“Not only is more ice flowing from the glacier into the ocean, but it’s also flowing faster,” Gudmundsson said.
Scientists have long looked at the Pine Island Glacier as a kind of litmus test for global warming. According to Live Science, the glacier is the fastest- and longest-changing glacier on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Rising global temperatures are believed to be thinning Antarctica’s ice sheets, including the Pine Island Glacier, which has had several events of iceberg calving – when icebergs break off from an ice sheet and float out to sea – over the years, including a dramatic calving last year of an iceberg larger than Chicago.
While calving itself does not directly contribute to rising sea levels – the ice was already in the water – scientists warn that if Pine Island Glacier continues to splinter and shrink, it could spell trouble for Earth’s oceans.
“The Pine Island Glacier currently acts as a plug, holding back part of the immense West Antarctic Ice Sheet whose melting ice contributes to rising sea levels,” Live Science noted in July 2013.