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Showing posts with label Overseas visitors. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Overseas visitors. Show all posts

Thursday, May 28, 2015

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG update

Aer Lingus sale will create jobs, so says the Minister for Transport Donoghue

  

Opposition sharply critical of move to sell 25.1% State stake in Ireland’s airline.

Minister for Trasport Paschal Donohoe: “It is envisaged that by the end of 2016, a new net 150 jobs will have been created in Aer Lingus , rising to a new net total of 635 jobs by 2020.”
The sale of the State’s Aer Lingus share would create jobs, Minister for Transport Paschal Donohoe told the Dáil. “It is envisaged that by the end of 2016, a new net 150 jobs will have been created in Aer Lingus , rising to a new net total of 635 jobs by 2020,” he said.
The Minister said the Aer Lingus brand would be protected and its head office retained in Ireland. The airline would operate all its scheduled international air transport services under the Aer Lingus name, he added.
Mr Donohoe said the sale would strengthen Aer Lingus’s competitive positions, reduce risk to the company and provide it with the opportunity with a larger group to face the challenges in a changing aviation environment.
It would promote Ireland’s wider connectivity, he added, and could bring growth to our airports. It was anticipated the move would bring benefits to both Aer Lingus’s long-haul and short-haul networks within the IAG group.
“There will be a focus on sustaining and growing routes from Dublin, Cork, Shannon and Knock,” Mr Donohoe added.
He said Aer Lingus was no longer our national flag carrier. That decision was taken nine years ago when 75 per cent of the shareholding was sold.
“Nor is the State the majority shareholder in the company. We own a minority 25.1 per cent shareholding and I want to use the opportunity now to maximise the benefit of that residual shareholding to put the company on a firm footing for the future while protecting key general national interests.”
Fianna Fáil spokesman Timmy Dooley said he could not get his head around the necessity, from the Minister’s perspective, to sell the remaining stake in the airline. A decision was taken in 2006 to change Aer Lingus’s semi-State status and trade it publicly, thereby ensuring it would be run on a commercial basis in the best interest of all, including workers, passengers and the country, he added.
“For the life of me, I cannot understand how the Government has failed to realise the importance of retaining the shareholding and having control, although not absolute control, over the direction of the company or an input into it,” Mr Dooley said.
Aer Lingus had successfully emerged from the worst financial crisis in the State’s history, or one of the deepest in the OECD, as a lean and growth-oriented company with very significant cash reserves to take on the kinds of challenges that would arise.
Sinn Féin spokesman Dessie Ellis said it was very sad to express an opinion on what was a done deal that nobody outside of IAG and Fine Gael wanted.
“The Government has made its decision behind the closed doors in a shrewd media operation which shows blatant disregard for the Oireachtas and its role in dealing with issues of such importance,” he added. “No matter what anyone says, the Government will seek to sell its share in Aer Lingus and the weak and cowed Labour Party members will go along with it.”

Diversity of opinion’ not welcome in our mainstream political parties?

Says Lucinda Creighton on Averil Power’s treatment

  

Lucinda Creighton left & Averil Power.

Fianna Fail’s treatment of senator Averil Power illustrates that “diversity of opinion” is not welcome in the mainstream political parties, according to former minister Lucinda Creighton.
The Renua leader today said the events surrounding Ms Power’s departure from Fianna Fáil “sums up everything I know about politics”.
And Ms Creighton admitted that her new party “wouldn’t shut the door” to Ms Power but said they have had no conversations about her joining Renua.
“To my mind it sums up everything I already know about politics or at least the old political establishment, which is that diversity of opinion on really sensitive social issues, that different people have strong opinions on, that diversity of opinion is just not welcome in the old parties,” Ms Creighton said.
“The passion of individuals like Averil Power is something to be welcomed in politics, not something to be feared. So that’s my view on the matter,” she added.
Separately today, Ms Creighton criticised Taoiseach Enda Kenny over conduct towards other deputies in the Dail.
During ‘Leaders’ Questions’ today, Mr Kenny accused Independent TD Clare Daly of going on a “rant” about the proposed sale of the Government’s 25.1pc stake in Aer Lingus.
Later, Ms Creighton said the Taoiseach should “show a suitable respect for our parliament”, adding that Mr Kenny spoke in a “patronising way”.
She added: “I think certainly the Taoiseach does not do himself any justice in speaking to people in that way.”
Earlier in the Dail, Ms Creighton expressed frustration after the Taoiseach did not respond to her claims that Independent TD Catherine Murphy was being “silenced” by Siteserv.
It was reported this week that Siteserv wrote to the Ceann Comhairle seeking tat the Dail record be amended to address what it described as “unfound” and “false” accusations in recent speeches by Ms Murphy.
Ms Creighton called on the Taoiseach to “reject attempts to silence members of the House” by Siteserv and businessman Denis O’Brien.

Ireland’d HSE patients are too frightened to complain ?

Warns the Ombudsman

    Ombudsman Peter Tyndall
Patients also believe complaining wouldn’t make a difference?
Irish patients are afraid to complain about how they are treated by hospitals over concerns their standard of care will be affected.
An investigation by the Ombudsman found that many people refused to lodge complains against hospital staff because they feared repercussions for themselves or their loved ones.
The report, from Ombudsman Peter Tyndall, calls for an independent complaints service for patients.
“I wonder if the tragic events seen in Aras Attracta and Portlaoise hospital could have been avoided if those complaints were dealt with properly,” he said.
A large proportion of those surveyed also believed complaining made no difference.
Speaking at the launch of the report, the Ombudsman recommended that the HSE and each hospital put an action plan in place to “ensure that people have access to an effective independent advocacy service.”
The survey was carried out because Mr Tyndall was concerned that his office was receiving fewer complaints compared to other health service ombudsmans in other countries.
“Despite the high number of interactions with our hospitals, relatively few people complain when they are unhappy with the service they receive. Compared with other jurisdictions, complaints to the HSE and to my Office are very low. I want to find out why this is,” he said in 2014.
Complaints to the ombudsman about healthcare represent 20% all complaints received. In Northern Ireland this figure is over 60%, while in the UK it is closer to 80%.

Galway locals build a raft to help swans raise their cygnets

   
Five cygnets have now survived

Hundreds of people in Co Galway have been following the progress of five cygnets born in Oranmore a few days ago.

Locals assisted in the process, by installing a special raft to allow a pair of swans to breed safely.
Engineer Peter Butler led the effort after hearing about how high tides had submerged the swans’ nest year after year.
Using recycled materials, including plastic bottles and wooden pallets, he designed a raft that would withstand tidal fluctuations and allow swans the 40-day window they need to hatch their eggs.
The birds took to the structure and have been nesting on it since early April.
The first cygnet hatched last week, followed by seven others since then. So far, five have survived.
Their parents have been keeping a close eye on their offspring and fending off gulls, herons and wild animals.
It has emerged that the pen, or mother swan, was herself rescued six years ago by volunteers from the local swan sanctuary.
She was cared for by Mary Joyce of the Galway and Claddagh Swan Rescue group for a number of months, before being tagged and released  in October 2009.
The organisation has appealed to people not to feed the swans or the cygnets, as they are able to fend for themselves and do not need human assistance to eat.
The baby swans will spend the next few months on the estuary at the edge of Oranmore before setting off on their own.
Locals hope to leave the raft in place to give the swans a chance to repeat their successful mating next year.

Ireland’s inbound traffic numbers show a big increase

     
The volume of people travelling to Ireland was significantly higher between February and April this year than the same period last year, according to official figures on Wednesday.
The figures from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) showed that an extra 212,000 trips to Ireland took place during the three-month period.
Overseas visitor numbers were 13.5% higher than between February and April 2014.
Inbound visitors primarily came from Britain and other European countries. Trips by North Americans were up 20.2%, or 237,600, in the period.
Tourism is one of Ireland’s most important economic sectors and has significant potential to play a further role in the country’s economic revival. In 2014, tourism was responsible for a 12% increase in earnings and a 9% increase in overseas visitor numbers.
For 2015, Ireland projects an increase of 6% in overseas tourists.

The Earth’s Ozone is now in Good Shape, say Scientists 

  The arctic ozone without the Montreal Protocol (left) and following its implementation (right) on 26 March 2011.
Earth’s ozone is in good shape, according to scientists, thanks to the Montreal Protocol, which has helped us avoid severe ozone depletion.
After years of dangerous depletion that left a giant hole over Antarctica, our ozone is finally recovering. Once scientists realized that bromine-containing halons and chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, were eating away at the Earth’s protective layer, leaders enacted the 1987 Montreal Protocol banning such chemicals.
Now we are reaping the rewards, with the ozone layer in much better shape than it would have been without the United Nations (UN) treaty.
“Our research confirms the importance of the Montreal Protocol and shows that we have already had real benefits. We knew that it would save us from large ozone loss ‘in the future’, but in fact we are already past the point when things would have become noticeably worse,” lead author Professor Martyn Chipperfield, from theSchool of Earth & Environment at the University of Leeds, said in a press release.
Concentrations of these harmful substances can survive in the atmosphere for many years. However, the good news is that concentrations peaked in 1993 and have subsequently started shrinking.
In the new study, the researchers used a state-of-the-art 3D computer model of atmospheric chemistry to investigate what would have happened to the ozone layer if the Montreal Protocol had not been put in place.
The researchers suggest that the hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic would have grown in size by an additional 40 percent by 2013. Their model also suggests that had ozone-depleting substances continued to increase, the ozone layer would have become significantly thinner over other parts of the globe.
Such would have been the case especially during extreme events like the exceptionally cold Arctic winter of 2010-2011.
Without the Montreal Protocol, the new study reveals that a very large ozone hole over the Arctic would have occurred during that cold winter and smaller Arctic ozone holes would have become a regular occurrence.
According to the team behind this new study, scientists must continue to closely monitor the situation to ensure all potential threats to the ozone layer are mitigated.    

Thursday, October 23, 2014

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

No bonuses will be paid out until Irish Water is ‘operational’

SAYS TÁNAISTE JOAN BURTON

 

JOAN BURTON SAYS SYSTEM DESIGNED TO ‘ACTUALLY SAVE MONEY’ WITH NO SALARY INCREMENTS

Tánaiste Joan Burton told the Dáil today that the timeline for Irish Water was ‘too ambitious’.
Tánaiste Joan Burton has told the Dáil she does not “anticipate” any bonus payments in Irish Water until the company is “operational”.
During heated exchanges over the ongoing water charges controversy, Fianna Fail environment spokesman Barry Cowen pressed the Labour Party leader about her views on the bonus payment system operating within the newly established authority.
M/s Burton said “I don’t anticipate any bonus payment in the context of a set-up period”.
She told the House that the bonus system was “designed to actually save money”. She said it was a “structured payment in relation to salaries that actually foregoes increment”.
M/s Burton said the timeline for Irish Water was “too ambitious”, echoing comments by Minister for Environment Alan Kelly during a debate on the authority earlier this week.
She told Mr Cowen that Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin had asked the cost of going back to the 34 local authorities. “To take the company out and put it back to the taxpayer would cost €2.5 billion.”
Mr. Cowen asked her again about the bonuses. “Do you agree with them when they’re set up and in place and robbing Peter?”
M/s Burton said “bonuses will be dealt with by the board of Eirvia”.
“I do not anticipate any bonus payments until such time or any enhancement payments or whatever other kind of management speak title is used on the payments – I do not anticipate anything like that at all being paid until such time as the company is operational.”
Asked this afternoon in Brussels whether he was minded to extend the period in which fixed water charges will apply, Taoiseach Enda Kenny said the Government considered the matter at its meeting on Tuesday.
“What we did say was that there are legitimate concerns and problems that people have both with Irish Water and the general regime and we’re looking at those and working between Ervia and Irish Water to see that people have confidence in the system,” Mr. Kenny said at the start of the EU summit.
“This is a massive utility for the next 50 years to create investment for infrastructure for high quality drinking water, for water for business and for industry and for persons alike. We want to see that it’s fair, that it’s affordable and that people can have absolute confidence in the system and we’re happy we can achieve that.”
Asked when the Government would provide clarity on the matter, the Taoiseach said: “I would say in the next few weeks.”
In a separate development the Dáil unanimously agreed to adjourn next week for Halloween and return on Tuesday November 4th at 2pm.

I’m delighted people are filming Irish Water protests says Joan Burton

“BECAUSE I AM A KEEN PHOTOGRAPHER”

 

The Tánaiste JOAN BURTON has again moved to clarify her comments about Irish Water protesters with expensive phones and cameras, also saying that she was never disparaging about them.

The Labour leader said it was good to see so much footage from protests being uploaded to social media, and said she was “delighted” that that was case.
She was responding to a comment from Joan Collins TD during Leaders’ Questions in the Dáil this morning, after Collins said that many people had found Minister Burton’s previous comments “very patronising”.
The Tánaiste said that everything that happens at Irish Water protests is being filmed, adding:
I’m actually delighted that that’s the case, and if I gave any other impression, I’m very happy to correct it.
Minister Burton said that she is “a keen photographer” and that “it’s great to see that people have that kind of equipment”.
She said that everything that happens at protests is being uploaded to social media, and that she was glad to see this “because it’s very clear what’s happening”.
Separately, the Tánaiste also said that she believed the timeline for the setting up of Irish Water was “too ambitious”.
“I understand the frustrations of people,” she told the Dáil.
She said that the company is still in the setting-up period, and says she doesn’t anticipate any bonuses being paid for this time.

Overseas visitor numbers to Ireland up by 9.3% since January 2014

 

RECORD YEAR FOR NORTH AMERICAN VISITORS, SAYS TOURISM IRELAND

The numbers of American visitors to Ireland between July and September increased by 7.9%, with a total of 2,440,400 visiting the State during the summer period.
The number of overseas visitors to the Republic in the first nine months of 2014 was over 9% higher than the same period last year, the Central Statistics Office (CSO) has said.
Over 5.9 million people visited the State between January and September, an increase of 9.3% on last year.
The CSO also reported an increase in the number of Irish people taking holidays abroad, with over 4.5 million Irish residents taking trips overseas between July and September, an increase of 6% on the same period last year.
The number of visitors to Ireland between July and September increased by 7.9%, with a total of 2,440,400 visiting the State during the summer period.
The number of summer visitors from North America increased by 18.1% to 490,000, while visits from Britain increased by 2% to 922,600.
There was a rise of 9.5% in the number of European visitors, excluding Britain, to 861,100.
The number of tourists visiting between July and September from other countries around the world, outside Europe and North America, increased by 7.7% to 166,700.
The number of visitors from Britain in the first nine months increased by 8.8% since 2013, while numbers from North America have risen by 13.9%.
Tourism Ireland chief executive Niall Gibbons said the growing number of overseas visitors would help boost employment around the country.
“Given that overseas tourism business accounts for almost 60 per cent of all tourism revenue, this is good news indeed, with the increase in visitor numbers from overseas helping to boost employment around the country,” he said.
Mr Gibbons said he was “particularly pleased” to see the numbers from Britain, the State’s largest market, increasing by almost 9 per cent for the first nine months of 2014, with an additional 194,000 visitors.
He said 2014 was set to be another record year for tourism from North America.
The retention of the special 9 per cent tourism VAT rate in the latest Budget was welcomed earlier this month by the restaurant and hotels sectors, who described it as vital to sustaining jobs.
The Irish Hotels Federation said the measure was “one of the most successful job creation initiatives in modern times” having supported the creation of more than 33,000 new jobs since it was introduced in 2011.
It said tourism supports some 200,000 jobs – equivalent to one in every nine jobs in the country – representing some 54,000 jobs in 812 hotels and 235 guesthouses.
The total revenue generated across all tourism-related businesses annually stands at approximately €6 billion and accounts for 4 per cent of GNP.

Dramatic and great results for drug that kills cancer cells

  

A DRUG THAT KILLS CANCER CELLS AS THEY TRY TO DIVIDE HAS SHOWN “DRAMATIC” RESULTS IN EARLY RESEARCH, PAVING THE WAY TO POTENTIALLY CURATIVE TREATMENTS.

In the laboratory, the drug, OTS964, eradicated aggressive human lung cancers transplanted into mice while producing few side-effects.
The findings raise hopes of developing a revolutionary pill or injection that is effective against a wide range of diseases, including breast, brain, liver and bladder cancer, as well as some types of leukemia.

HUMAN TRIALS OF OTS964 ARE EXPECTED TO START BY AUTUMN NEXT YEAR.

US lead scientist Professor Ysuke Nakamura, from the University of Chicago, said: “We identified the molecular target for this drug 10 years ago, but it took us nearly a decade to find an effective way to inhibit it.
“We initially screened 300,000 compounds and then synthesised more than 1,000 of them, and found a few that were likely to work in humans. We focused on the most effective. We think we now have something very promising,” he said.
The drug works in a unique way by blocking the action of a protein, TOPK, that is essential for successful cell division and is over-produced in many types of cancer.
“Without TOPK the cells can’t seem to divide; they can’t make the break,” said Prof Nakamura.
“They can’t complete the process. Instead they remain tethered by a tiny bridge. When that finally breaks apart, they can’t close the membrane.
“Everything within the cells spills out; they suffer and then die.”
Initial studies of an earlier version of the treatment found it effectively killed cancer cells — but at an unacceptable price. It also disrupted the generation of new red and white blood cells, causing anemia and damaging the immune system. It also increased the risk of blood clots by boosting numbers of platelets.
These hurdles were overcome by encapsulating the drug in microscopic bubbles called liposomes, which suppressed blood toxicity.
In the mouse tests, aggressive human lung tumours were allowed to grow until they reached 150 cubic millimetres, about the size of a raisin.
Injections of OTS964 twice a week for three weeks caused the tumours to shrink rapidly and continue shrinking even after treatment stopped. The cancer completely disappeared in five of the six mice, with no detectable side effects.
Larger doses of the drug taken by mouth also proved effective in another group of mice. In all six animals, the tumors vanished.
Although these mice had low white blood cell counts after treatment, they recovered within two weeks.
Prof Nakamura described the results, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, as “dramatic”.
He added: “It is rare to see complete regression of tumours in a mouse model. Many drugs can repress the growth, but it is uncommon to see them eradicated. This has rarely been reported.”
In studies of the drug’s effect on cells growing outside the body, the scientists videoed its cancer-killing ability in action.
The TOPK target protein appears to play a central role in cytokinesis, the final stage in cell division, the scientists reported. They pointed out that the protein’s gene was frequently “upregulated” — extra-active — in breast, brain, liver, and bladder cancers as well as other solid tumors and certain types of leukemia blood cancer.
This raised the exciting possibility of the drug being effective across multiple cancer types.
Professor Peter Parker, an expert in cell signalling at Cancer Research UK, said: “The findings of this early stage study are interesting, and the profound effect on tumour growth in mice shows that switching off TOPK could be a promising approach for treating some cancers in the future. But so far the results have only been shown in cells grown in the lab and in mice, leaving a number of questions unanswered.
“Piecing together the finer details of how TOPK controls cell division, and the consequences of switching it off, will be crucial before this potential new drug can be taken further into clinical trials.”

Tesco accounting black hole deepens, As chairman is to step down

  

The chairman of Britain’s biggest grocery chain, Tesco, announced his resignation on Thursday after the company reported a bigger than expected hole in its finances and said accounting transgressions went back further than initially thought.

Tesco, Britain’s biggest private employer and once the juggernaut of its retail sector, has lost half its market value this year after the accounting errors compounded a succession of profit warnings.
New chief executive Dave Lewis, just seven weeks into the job, said he could no longer provide a full-year profit forecast because he did not know the full scale of Tesco’s problems or how much it would cost to rebuild the firm.
With net debt rising, the pension deficit expanding and business in its home market deteriorating rapidly, the 95-year-old group, the third largest grocery chain in the world, said it was looking at all options to raise cash.
Lewis, 49, told investors there were no easy answers and they should not expect the presentation of a single new over-arching strategy but rather a series of incremental improvements that would be felt over time.
Shares in the group fell 5.7% to an 11-year low, wiping 800 million pounds off its market capitalisation.
“Our business is operating in challenging times,” said Lewis, who joined Tesco from one of its main suppliers, Unilever. “Trading conditions are tough and our underlying profitability is under pressure.”
“The UK, the balance sheet, trust and transparency and the brand of the business will be the priorities for now.”
Chairman Richard Broadbent, accused by many investors of poor corporate governance during his three-year tenure, said he planned to step down once the new management and business plan were in place.
Tesco said the overall impact from the incorrect booking of income was 263 million pounds, up from an original estimate of 250 million pounds. When adding one-off costs such as the accounting hole and an impairment charge, its first-half profit was down 91%.
Of the 263 million pounds, around 145 million came from prior years, Tesco said. A spokesman said the figure was not big enough to require those previous results to be restated. The accounting mistakes will affect Tesco’s second half, however.

PRETTY HORRIBLE”

Tesco, founded by Jack Cohen on a market stall in east London in 1919, grew rapidly through the 1990s to dominate the British high street under the stewardship of Ian MacLaurin and Terry Leahy.
But it lost its way in the late 2000s as it cut back on investment at home to expand abroad. It then further damaged its appeal by favouring investors over shoppers with price hikes during the economic downturn in an attempt to shield profits.
To compound matters, a group once renowned for its ability to gauge the needs of the British shopper failed to adapt quickly enough to changing habits.
Tesco now finds itself squeezed by fierce competition from discounters Aldi and Lidl at the lower end of the market, and by rivals such as Waitrose and Marks & Spencer at the top.
The big out-of-town stores it long championed are now also out of fashion, with more people preferring to shop little and often at local stores or online, meaning the group is set to report its third straight year of decline in trading profit.
Billionaire Warren Buffett recently cut his stake in Tesco to less than 3 percent from 4 percent after calling the purchase a “huge mistake”.
“Tesco doesn’t need to be the big sprawling business that it is,” another large shareholder told Reuters on condition of anonymity. “They should be in contraction mode.
“(The accounting issue) is still pretty horrible … and it’s not closed off yet.”
The results showed the scale of the crisis.
Second-quarter organic sales in Tesco’s home market, excluding fuel and VAT sales tax, fell 5.5 percent. That compared with a 3.8 percent drop in the first quarter, which was described at the time as the worst performance in 40 years.
Net debt rose to 7.5 billion pounds from 7 billion pounds a year earlier, and compared with an equity value of 14 billion pounds. The pension deficit ballooned by 800 million pounds in six months to 3.4 billion pounds.
“Tesco has had quite a few years of challenge and disappointment,” said Shore Capital analyst Clive Black. “However, we can never recall a period so damaging to the reputation of the company as the first half, 2015.”

TOUGH DECISIONS

Asked if he would need to turn to shareholders for cash, Lewis said the group was reviewing all options, but that it believed it could raise significant funds by saving costs and selling assets, before a capital raise would be considered.
That is likely to be popular with investors who have told Reuters they would rather the group sold or floated assets, such as its operations in Asia and central and eastern Europe, before they would consider a rights issue.
Lewis said he had been visiting his British stores to get an idea of how shoppers view the retailer, but that the accounting probe had left him with no time to visit stores abroad, which he planned to do next week.
Tesco Asia, one of the assets that could be sold or spun off, saw trading profit fall 9.2%. The Europe business was up 42%, but that was from a low base, and it is thought to have fewer potential buyers.

DNA reveals Neanderthals and humans first mated some 50,000 years ago

 

Researchers have used the DNA extracted from the 45,000-year-old bone of a man from Siberia to find the time when the interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals took place.
It is to be noted that Neanderthals, who once lived in Europe and Asia until they went extinct about 40,000 years ago, are the closest extinct relatives of modern humans.
The researchers claimed that the new study revealed that interbreeding took place between Neanderthals and modern humans when the latter started spreading out of Africa. According to researchers, around 1.5 to 2.1 percent of the DNA of anyone living outside Africa today is Neanderthal in origin.
The researchers were yet to confirm when interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals occurred. Previous estimates of these events ranged from 37,000 to 86,000 years ago.
This mystery was solved by analyzing the shaft of a thighbone found by an artist and mammoth ivory collector, Nikolai Peristov, on the left bank of the river Irtysh near the settlement of Ust’-Ishim in western Siberia in 2008. The researchers calculated the bone of the man was about 45,000 years old.
“This is the earliest directly dated modern human outside of Africa and the Middle East, and the oldest modern human [genome] to have been sequenced,” study co-author Janet Kelso, a computational biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, told Live Science.
Earlier, it was suggested by researchers that Asia was first colonized by humans as they traveled using a more southern, coastal route that gave rise to the present-day people of Oceania.
The fact the researchers find direct evidence for the presence of a modern human in Siberia 45,000 years ago “indicates that early modern human migrations into Eurasia were not solely via a southern route as has been previously suggested,” Kelso said.