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Saturday, April 30, 2016

News Ireland daily BLOG update by donie

A deal now reached to pave way for a Republic of Ireland minority government

FINE GAEL LEADER ENDA KENNY WILL BE THE AGREED TAOISEACH

     

A DEAL HAS BEEN STRUCK TO PAVE THE WAY FOR THE FORMATION OF A MINORITY GOVERNMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND AFTER TWO MONTHS OF POST-ELECTION STALEMATE.

After weeks of negotiations, a draft agreement was finally reached between the largest party Fine Gael and arch rivals Fianna Fail on Friday evening.
The parties have established the framework of a pact to enable a Fine Gael administration to govern for the period covering the next three budgets in the Irish parliament.
Fine Gael leader and acting Taoiseach Enda Kenny and Fianna Fail leader Micheal Martin will now seek the backing of party colleagues.
A statement from both parties said: “Both Fine Gael and Fianna Fail have reached a political agreement to facilitate a Fine Gael led minority government.
“Both party leaders are now being briefed, extensive drafting has to be done and then both Fianna Fail and Fine Gael will hold separate parliamentary party meetings to outline the details of the confidence and supply arrangement.”
The agreement was eventually finalised after marathon exchanges between the parties’ negotiating teams at Trinity College in Dublin.
Fine Gael and Labour, its junior coalition partners in the last government, suffered major losses at the election in February after five years in power administering an austerity programme.
While Fine Gael retained its position as the largest party, it did not have the strength to form a workable majority coalition government.
With a so-called “grand coalition” with Fianna Fail proving a step too far for rivals whose enmities were forged in the Irish Civil War, a minority Fine Gael led administration, with the support of a number of independents, has been the only realistic option for a number of weeks.
But such an arrangement depended on a guarantee from main opposition party Fianna Fail not to oppose the government on key votes.
If Fine Gael manage to conclude negotiations with the independents in a short time frame, a new Taoiseach could be elected as early as next week.
Three previous attempts in the Dail to elect a Taoiseach in the wake of the election ended in failure.
The future of the last government’s controversial water company Irish Water was a key factor in negotiations between Fine Gael and Fianna Fail.
The deal, the full contents of which have not been made public, now requires the endorsement of the respective parties’ parliamentary rank and file.
And even with that backing, Fine Gael will need to strike separate agreements with a range of independents before a workable government can be formed.
With a pact hammered out between the two bitter foes, focus will now turn to Mr Kenny’s attempts to woo potential coalition bedfellows from a disparate band of smaller parties and independents.
Fine Gael have previously held talks with the Green Party, the Social Democrats and a range of independent members of the Dail in a bid to find allies. It is expected some will have ambitions on ministerial office in return for propping up the administration.
Labour ruled out going back into power, opting instead to repair the damage suffered at the election on the opposition benches.
Speculation is already turning to how long any new minority government will last, with some observers predicting an early return to the polls.
Sinn Fein President Gerry Adams accused Fianna Fail of campaigning in the election to put Mr Kenny out of office but striking a deal to keep him there. The Louth TD claimed Fianna Fail had forfeited its right to lead the opposition.
“Whatever deal has been reached will I have no doubt fallen well short of delivering the change and investment required to tackle the housing and homelessness crises and fix our health service, and will not bring about a fairer, more equal society, as Fianna Fail claimed to want to deliver in their manifesto,” he said.
“It will also not deliver what citizens demanded on water – which is the outright abolition of water charges and the dismantling of Irish Water. .
“Sinn Fein are very clear in stating that we will hold Fianna Fail equally accountable for every decision taken, and those not taken, by an incoming government.

Another six months to wait for 300,000 rural Irish homes for the start of rural roll-out broadband?

So WHAT’S NEW?

  ?  

EU research has found that just 8% of rural Ireland is covered by fast broadband, a fraction of the European average of 25%
The National Broadband Plan will be delayed by six months, according to the outgoing Minister of Communications, Alex White.
Speaking today on News At One, Mr White said that 60% of the 750,000 rural homes and business targeted under the state-subsidised plan would be connected to broadband by 2019.
He said that the remaining 300,000 rural homes would gain from a broadband connection by 2022 “at the outside”.
“Most of that work would be done in the first two years,” said Mr White. “You can appreciate that the remaining homes will take a little longer because it’s more remote.”
Mr White described the six month delay in the project as a “minor adjustment”.
“This short delay is to avoid a much longer delay,” he said. “If we don’t carefully follow state intervention rules, we could risk putting this back for years.”
“The delay we’re looking at can be measured in months, maybe six months. We should be able to sign a contract around the middle of the next year.”
The contract to build the network out to 750,000 rural homes and businesses could be worth upwards of €500m of state funding, with the government seeking an unspecified amount of matching investment from winning contract bidders.
Mr White said that the government was currently considering bid proposals from five companies. These are understood to include pitches from Eir and Siro, the joint venture between Vodafone and the ESB.
Independent TDs and rural lobby groups have heavily criticised the delayed process, arguing that their communities are losing out badly in investment and economic opportunity.

Early retirement could be the kiss of your demise?  A new study now finds?

OR IS IT JUST THAT PEOPLE WHO RETIRE EARLY DO SO BECAUSE OF PRE-EXISTING HEALTH CONDITIONS?

   

A STUDY HAS SHOWN THAT PEOPLE WHO RETIRE EARLY TEND TO DIE SOONER WHICH IS INCLUDED IN THIS LATEST STUDY FROM OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY. BUT OH, WE HAVE SO MANY QUESTIONS!

To start, doesn’t it make sense that people near retirement age who have existing health issues would be among the first to jump the job ship? After all, they don’t feel well, work is a stressor and if their illness is serious, they want to spend whatever time they have left with family and friends. Getting medical treatments is also a big time-suck, so chances are there is added stress even when — especially when your boss is being a nuisance about your absences. So what do these people do? They retire early, that’s what.
And then, because they were sick, they die. But doesn’t logic tell us that it was their illness — not their retirement — that was the cause of their death? Can early retirement really be a risk factor for early death?
The OSU study tries to address that head-on.
The OSU researchers found that healthy adults who retired one year past age 65 had an 11 percent lower risk of death from all causes, even when taking into account demographic, lifestyle and health issues. Even people who described themselves as unhealthy were found likely to live longer if they kept working, the study said.
“It may not apply to everybody, but we think work brings people a lot of economic and social benefits that could impact the length of their lives,” said Chenkai Wu, the lead author of the study. The findings have been published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
Wu and his team reviewed data collected from 1992 through 2010 through the Healthy Retirement Study, a long-term study of U.S. adults led by the University of Michigan and funded by the National Institute on Aging. Since being in poor health is one reason people retire early and also can lead to earlier death, the researchers aimed to mitigate it as a factor.
They divided the group into unhealthy retirees (those who indicated that health was a factor in their decision to retire) — and healthy retirees, who indicated health was not a factor.
During the study period, about 12 percent of the healthy and 25.6 percent of the unhealthy retirees died, according to the study. Healthy retirees who worked a year longer had an 11 percent lower risk of mortality, while unhealthy retirees who worked a year longer had a 9 percent lower mortality risk. Working a year longer had a positive impact on the study participants’ mortality rate regardless of their health status.
The findings seem to indicate that people who remain active and engaged draw a benefit from that, the study concluded. So what would happen if we retired early and took up tennis instead?

Nurse Katie is selected as the Sligo 2016 Rose

Local nurse Katie Higgins (22) has been selected as the Sligo Rose 2016.
   
 The selected Sligo rose of Tralee Katie Higgins pic. above with other students of St Angela’s College (right photo).

ORIGINALLY FROM MOYLOUGH IN COUNTY GALWAY KATIE MOVED TO SLIGO IN 2011 TO STUDY NURSING AT ST ANGELA’S COLLEGE. SHE QUALIFIED LAST SEPTEMBER AND IS NOW WORKING IN SLIGO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL.

She was chosen from among 17 stylish contenders at the Selection night at a glamorous event in the Clarion Hotel last Saturday.
“I feel like I haven’t woken up from a dream – this has always been a dream of mine,” she told The Sligo Champion. “It would be a big thing for us to all get together and watch the Rose of Tralee. There’s great excitement in the Higgins household now,” she said. “I’m back at work now in Sligo University Hospital but I’m still in shock,” she said.
MC-ed by her fellow countyman Ollie Turner of Galway Bay FM, the event attracted over 500 guests to watch the 17 girls from all over the county vying for a chance to represent Sligo in this years International Rose of Tralee Testival in Kerry next August.
The festival is expanding and instead of a regional festival, for the first time ever, every rose will go to Tralee and experience all of the festival.
Outside of her busy work schedule, Katie enjoys singing, dancing, acting and playing football and actually once won footballer of the year.
Katie was sponsored by the Italian Quarter – A Casa Mia & Bistro Bianconi. “I can’t wait for Tralee now. I’m so excited,” she added.

This pot harnesses photosynthesis and a USB port could charge your phone?

     
Plants’ leaves are nature’s way of building solar panels. These use a process called photosynthesis to convert sunlight, water and nutrients into sugars (energy). A team of engineers piggy-backed photosynthesis using a nifty pot called the Bioo Lite. Just place almost any plant inside, add water and plenty of sunlight and you’ll be able to charge your phone via the provided USB port up to three times a day. Or so they claim.
To generate energy, the pot doesn’t use the plant themselves. Harnessing direct photosynthesis would have been sweet, but the developers found an elegant workaround.
At the bottom of the pot, there’s a chamber which hosts microorganisms. These germs produce electrons when they consume water and substances generated through photosynthesis and found at the plant’s roots.
Almost any plant works, though some work better than others. The cactus is the worst, according to the Bioo Lite team.
As long as you keep the plant watered and happy, you virtually have a renewable battery at your disposal — enough for three full charges for your smartphone or tablet in a 24-hour window. The same system could theoretically be scaled to be the size of a house. I could see a scaled version in my backyard, beneath flowers or even vegetables, powering some lights.
The Bioo Lite was launched on Indiegogo where it already met its goal. It reportedly costs $135 and starts shipping start December.

Here is the reason why we forget when we walk into a room?

  

WE PROBABLY DO IT SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK. YOU GET UP TO GO SOMEWHERE AND WHEN YOU GET TO YOUR DESTINATION, YOU HAVE NO IDEA WHAT YOU’RE THERE FOR.

Sometimes, it might come back to you. A lot of the time it doesn’t, and you just have to accept whatever great idea you had will be lost in the mists of time forever.
There’s nothing researchers can do about that, but they have retraced our steps and worked out what causes it.
It turns out, maybe it’s the door’s fault. It is also known as the ‘boundary effect’.
The doorway acts as an ‘event boundary’, signalling to our brain that one memory episode is finished and another can begin. Sort of like stopping and starting the tape.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana came up with the theory after getting volunteers to play a not-so-fun video game.
In the game, which had 55 ‘virtual’ rooms, volunteers had to pick up objects from one table and put them down on another.
As soon as they picked the object up, it would disappear.
They were then told they either had to walk to another table in the room to put the imaginary object down, or they had to walk into the next room.
As they went through the game, researchers would give them pop quizzes, asking them to name whatever object they had just picked up.
And, lo and behold, their responses were more unsure and slower when they’d had to move rooms to get to the next object.
The study was also repeated in real life, and the results were the same.
An additional test found that walking back into the original room didn’t spark the memory to return either. So, retracing your steps doesn’t actually help memory recall.
It’s pretty clever when you think about it.
Our brain can’t keep all the information we absorb immediately to hand, so it uses these memory episodes. When you move from one environment to the next, it purges itself and starts recording new information.

WHICH IS GREAT? EXCEPT WHEN YOU REALLY WANT TO REMEMBER WHAT THE HELL YOU WALKED UP THE STAIRS TO GET IS LOST.  

Thursday, April 28, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Central Bank of Ireland says it will not lower its mortgage rates

PROF PHILIP LANE SAYS ANY LEGISLATION TO CURTAIL RATES COULD DETER POTENTIAL MARKET ENTRANTS?

  
Central Bank governor Philip Lane dismisses notion of statutory limits on mortgage interest rates despite Michael Noonan statement last year that he would introduce legislation to give the Central Bank control of variable mortgage interest rates. 
Central Bank governor Philip Lane dismissed the notion of statutory limits on mortgage interest rates as he said a “high evidence threshold” will be set to justify any move to loosen mortgage loan caps.
Asked about high home-loan rates, Prof Lane said any legislation to curtail interest rates could deter potential market entrants and change the nature of the market as banks would focus on “super-safe” customers .
“It’s a very crude instrument which has many downsides, and is really treating the symptom rather than the underlying cause,” he told reporters in Dame Street at the publication of the bank’s 2015 annual report.
A Bank surplus.
The bank reported a €2.24 billion profit or surplus for the year, €1.79 billion of which was transferred as a dividend to the exchequer.
The “overwhelming contributory factor” was income from sovereign bonds held after the 2013 deal to scrap the Anglo Irish Bank promissory note scheme, said Prof Lane.
Much of this money originated with the State via interest payments on retained bonds and capital gains realised on €2 billion in bonds sold to the National Treasury Management Agency.
The bank is selling the bonds at a faster rate than the minimum schedule agreed with the European Central Bank, but Prof Lane would not be drawn on the speed of future disposals, saying that depended on market conditions.
The bank has already indicated that the first review of mortgage caps will be published in November, but Prof Lane said that the general framework of the regime was intended to be permanent.
Mortgage caps?
He was asked whether housing supply constraints could be attributed in part to the mortgage caps.
Prof Lane said multiple, often conflicting forces, were at work in respect of supply and demand. “Anything that boosts housing demand – where the supply response is not forthcoming – is going to not be helpful.”
He called for “discipline” in addressing remaining vulnerabilities from the crash, saying this embraced fiscal discipline as well as discipline at the level of individual and corporate borrowers. “Yes, we have very good expected growth numbers this year and next year. But there are a lot of downside risks out there.”

Irish Revenue vows to pursue offshore account holders that are avoiding tax payments?

ANNUAL REPORT SAYS REVENUE COLLECTED SOME €60M FROM OFFSHORE INVESTIGATIONS

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REVENUE HAS PROMISED TO STEP UP ITS FOCUS ON THE USE OF OFFSHORE LOCATIONS BY THOSE SEEKING TO AVOID TAX FROM IRELAND.

Those who attempt to avoid tax with offshore accounts have been warned by the Revenue Commissioners that greater cross-border co-operation, along with better access to international financial data, will put them under an increasingly harsh spotlight over the next two years.
In its annual report, Revenue has promised to step up its focus on the use of offshore locations by those seeking to avoid tax. It said it had raised more than €60 million from such investigations in 2015.
All told, Revenue collected as much as €45.79 billion for the exchequer in 2015, up 10.6% on the previous year.
The increase was the fifth successive jump in exchequer returns and the second highest figure for net receipts in the history of the State. Only 2007 was higher at €47.5 billion.
Almost all taxes and duties recorded increases, with corporation tax up 49%, capital gains tax up 28% and Vat up 7%.
According to the report, total tax receipts were 7.8% ahead of target as exchequer returns were boosted by a strong trading performance and increased domestic consumption and investment.
Referring to white collar tax evasion, Revenue said the next two years would see developments in the automatic exchange of information with tax authorities abroad, such as the US Internal Revenue Service.
Off shore structures?
Revenue said it would be “carefully considering” how to make the maximum use of information sources to “identify possible cases of tax evasion using offshore structures”.
“If I had an offshore account and I had not declared it, I’d be thinking about it now,” said Revenue chairman Niall Cody. “We are much nicer when you knock on our door than when we knock on yours.”
Revenue conducted more than 460,000 compliance interventions in 2015, yielding more €640 million in tax, interest and penalties, Mr Cody said.
He referred to the success of Revenue’s compliance projects targeted at specific business sectors, including construction and hospital consultants.
Revenue carried out 6,612 audits, which yielded €327.9 million for the exchequer last year, as the overall return from audits and compliance interventions rose by 5.3 per cent to €642.5 million.
Revenue said it collected €63.6 million from 68 cases associated with major legacy investigations last year, including action against holders of offshore accounts.
Mr Cody referred to recent media coverage of the Panama Papers and said Revenue was “examining the implications of the developments in Automatic Exchange of Offshore Financial Information for the Audit Code of Practice.
“While we have had major successes in investigating tax evasion, the new information sources that are coming on stream will shine a light on individuals and businesses that have used offshore facilities.

REAL ACTIVITY?

On corporation tax, Revenue said it would continue to work to ensure that “the profits of multinational corporations are taxed where the real business activity taxes place.”
While attention was placed on the taxes paid in this jurisdiction by multinationals, Mr Cody said the corporation tax base was considerably broader than just large multinationals.
According to the annual report, 97 per cent of property owners paid the local property tax last year. There were 324,000 reminder letters to late payers and mandatory reductions taken from the salaries and pensions of 65,000 people.

Is this for real? Did only 10 TDs really show up in Dail to debate mental health issues?

A FACT CHECK DOES A DOUBLE TAKE ON SOME CLAIMS THAT WENT VIRAL LAST NIGHT.

  

The Dail heard statements from TDs on the issue of mental health last night, amid increasing anger at the government’s decision to divert part of this year’s budget for mental health to other areas. Throughout the evening, there was a negative reaction to the turnout for the debate, with many tweeting screenshots of an apparently close-to-empty Dáil chamber.
Some placed the number of TDs who showed up at 10, others at 40, while mental health awareness activists and artists the Rubberbandits posted a screenshot on Facebook which featured just seven deputies in the chamber, accompanied by the caption:
Above is a photo of how many politicians turned up to speak about mental health in the Dáil today?
Is that accurate, though?
Béibhinn O’Connor in Dublin emailed us to ask whether it was actually the case that only 10 TDs showed up, so we consulted the official record of the Dáil, and combed through video of the debate to find out the truth.
Remember, if you see a claim you want tested, email factcheck@thejournal.ie.
Claim: Only 10 TDs showed up for a Dáil debate on mental health
Verdict: FALSE by a very wide margin.
66 TDs took part in some way. 33 spoke, 30 were present, and four presided over the debate. One TD presided and listened (Marcella Corcoran-Kennedy), and one TD presided, spoke and listened (Bernard Durkan).

THE FACTS?

A quick note to start. The purpose of this article is just to present the facts. It’s entirely up to you whether the turnout for Tuesday’s debate was acceptable or not.
The debate lasted three hours and 16 minutes, starting at around 3.19 pm, and ending at 6.35 pm.
There were 33 speakers. Here they are, grouped by party with the figures in brackets showing the number who spoke and that party’s total number of TDs:
• Fine Gael (9/50): Leo Varadkar, Helen McEntee, Peter Fitzpatrick, Tom Neville, Pat Deering, Peter Burke, Mary Mitchell-O’Connor, Bernard Durkan, Andrew Doyle
• Fianna Fáil (5/43): Billy Kelleher, Lisa Chambers, Micheál Martin, Robert Troy, Jack Chambers
• Sinn Féin (6/23): Caoimhghín Ó’Caoláin, Louise O’Reilly, Pat Buckley, Brian Stanley, Carol Nolan, Maurice Quinlivan
• Independents (5/19): Thomas Pringle, Seamus Healy, Danny Healy-Rae, Mattie McGrath, Michael Healy-Rae
• Independents 4 Change (1/4): Tommy Broughan
• AAA/PBP (3/6): Gino Kenny, Mick Barry, Richard Boyd-Barrett
• Social Democrats (2/3): Róisín Shortall, Catherine Murphy
• Green Party (1/2): Catherine Martin
• Labour (1/7): Brendan Ryan
Four TDs acted as chairperson over the course of the debate. They were:
• Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó’Fearghaíl (FF), Alan Farrell (FG), Marcella Corcoran-Kennedy (FG), Bernard Durkan (FG)
In addition to the speakers, 30 TDs were present for at least some portion of the debate, based on our close analysis of the videos.
It is possible, of course, that other deputies may have entered and exited quickly enough that their presence wasn’t caught by cameras in the chamber. In which case, we will expand this list.

THE TDS WHO ATTENDED, BUT DIDN’T SPEAK, WERE (GROUPED BY PARTY AS ABOVE):

• Fine Gael (7/50): Hildegarde Naughton, Maria Bailey, Simon Harris, Kate O’Connell, Noel Rock, Richard Bruton, John Paul Phelan
• Fianna Fáil (9/43): Anne Rabbitte, Fiona O’Loughlin, John Lahart, John McGuinness, Frank O’Rourke, Aindrias Moynihan, Declan Breathnach, Eugene Murphy, Pat Casey
• Sinn Féin (6/23): Imelda Munster, Peadar Tóibín, Donnchadh Ó’Laoighaire, Kathleen Funchion, Denise Mitchell, Jonathan O’Brien
• Independents (4/19): Catherine Connolly, Katherine Zappone, Noel Grealish, Dr Michael Harty
• Independents 4 Change (2/4): Mick Wallace, Joan Collins
• Green Party (1/2): Eamon Ryan
• AAA/PBP (1/6): Bríd Smith
• Marcella Corcoran-Kennedy and Bernard Durkan were also at their seats for speeches, as well as presiding over parts of the debate from the chair.
So between speaking, presiding and listening to speeches, this is the breakdown of each party and grouping’s participation in the debate on mental health.
• Fine Gael: 18 out of 50 TDs (36%)
• Fianna Fáil: 15 out of 44 TDs (34%)
• Sinn Féin: 12 out of 23 TDs (52.2%)
• Independents: 9 out of 19 TDs (47.4%)
• Independents 4 Change: 3 out of 4 TDs (75%)
• AAA/PBP: 4 out of 6 TDs (66.7%)
• Social Democrats: 2 out of 3 TDs (66.7%)
• Green Party: 2 out of 2 TDs (100%)
• Labour: 1 out of 7 TDs (14.3%)
That’s 66 out of 158 TDs (41.7%)

A CONCLUSION?

It is quite rare for a large number of TDs to remain in the Dáil chamber over the full duration of a long debate without a vote, such as last night’s.
Typically, deputies drift in and out, delivering their remarks, supporting colleagues and opposing those on the other side of the house, and then leaving again.
The actual number of TDs in the house ebbs and flows over the course of a long debate.
This screenshot, taken during Minister Varadkar’s opening speech on mental health last night, shows at least 29 TDs in the chamber:
This one, taken at a similar stage of a similar debate – Minister Alan Kelly’s opening speech during “Statements on Housing” two weeks ago, shows only 12.
This is not to endorse standard Dáil practices, or make any claim about the relative importance of two different issues.
It is simply to point out that the distribution of attendance seen last night is far from unprecedented in Dáil Éireann.
For better or for worse, debates culminating in a vote, and formal set pieces such as leaders’ questions are often more densely packed than “statements” on a particular issue, however important.
Whatever your view on the importance of mental health, and the appropriate level of attendance and participation in last night’s debate, the facts are clear.
The claim that only seven, or 10, or even only 40 TDs showed up to debate mental health last night, is FALSE.

Some 40% of women ‘don’t feel fit enough’ to go to the gym

     

MOST OF US WILL HAVE PUT OFF GOING TO THE GYM AT SOME POINT IN OUR LIVES (LET’S BE HONEST, PROBABLY ON MORE THAN ONE OCCASION).

But a poll has found two in five British women postpone their gym workout because they do not feel fit enough.
A new survey also found that 33% of women do not want to go to the gym because they feel intimidated by other fitter or more competitive people.
The survey found women feel intimidated and embarrassed at the gym which puts them off going.
A third are embarrassed what people will think of them when they exercise and 27% said they felt put off because they do not know how to use gym machines, according to the British Heart Foundation survey.
The charity polled 2,000 adults from across the UK as part of its new MyMarathon challenge. Over the month of May, people are being encouraged to run 26.2 miles – yep, that’s what London Marathon runners did in a day – while helping to raise money for heart research.
The My Marathon challenge involves running the same distance over a month that these lot ran in a day.
Lucy Wilkinson, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “Keeping active is vital to help improve your heart health, so it is concerning that what’s putting so many women off exercise is a fear of being judged about how they look and their level of fitness, and feeling self-conscious around others when exercising. Women should feel proud to exercise knowing they are helping to keep their hearts strong.
“And now with the MyMarathon challenge you don’t have to be a slave to the gym. You decide the pace and you decide the place, so it’s a great way to get active without feeling intimidated, and help us beat heart disease.”

Scientists may have just learned how to read your mind

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY TEAM MAPS OUT HOW OUR BRAIN RESPONDS TO INDIVIDUAL WORDS

     
An image (left) showing a view of one person’s right brain hemisphere. The overlaid words, when heard in context, are predicted to evoke strong responses near the corresponding location in the brain. The colour of each word indicates its semantic category.
For example, green words are mostly visual and tactile concepts, while red words are mostly social concepts. White lines show the outlines of known functional brain regions. 
Scientists in the US have raised the possibility of reading a person’s mind aftermapping where the brain responds to individual words.
A team at the University of California Berkeley have built a “semantic atlas” that shows how the human brain organises language.
Brain experts have already defined areas that process information about the meanings of words, known as the semantic system.
This work goes far beyond that however, showing in remarkable detail exactly where in the brain the meaning of individual words is processed.
Prof Jack Gallant and colleagues from Berkeley had seven people listen to hours of stories from a radio programme.
During this time, the scientists used functional MRI scanners to “watch” what was happening in their brains and what areas responded to particular words.
This allowed them to make the connections between a given word and its meaning and where in the brain this connection took place.
They published their findings on Wednesday in the journal Nature.
Brain triggers
Words often have more than one meaning and the map shows this in beautiful detail. The word “top” triggers several parts of the brain, one associated with clothing, another with shapes and measurements and a third with buildings.
In the same way they found that associated words can group together into a single region depending on meaning.
One area dealt with the meaning of words such as wife, mother, pregnant and family, the researchers said. An adjacent area also responded to wife and family but also house and owner.
Each person has a unique semantic map but the researchers were surprised at the similarity between subjects in terms of the areas of the brain involved.
The research was not about developing a mind-reading device, yet being able to localise where a word is interpreted may open the way to such a development.
It could help patients who have difficulty communicating express what they want to say without speaking, the researchers said.
The research also serves efforts to understand how the brain organises language. The team produced a video that helps explain how the brain responds to words.