Donie's Irish daily news BLOG Monday

Girl now identified 

Teenage girl found on O’Connell Street identified by Gardaí tonight

 

OFFICERS WILL BE LIAISING WITH THE AUSTRALIAN POLICE AFTER ASSISTANCE FROM THE PUBLIC

Gardaí said tonight they have identified the girl found on O’Connell Street in Dublin last month .

They are now following a definite line of enquiry after assistance from the public.

While they have not released the girl’s name or where she is from, they say they will be liaising closely with the Australian police and the HSE to “finalise the matter.”

Gardaí today released a photo of the girl after reaching “an impasse” in their enquiries.

The High Court last week granted Gardaí permission to release information about the teenager, believed to be aged 14 or 15, who was found in a distressed state outside the GPO on October 10th.

One line of enquiry is the possibility that the girl may have been trafficked into the country.

Superintendent David Taylor said today gardaí have established the clothes she was found wearing were purchased in “major Irish retailers”.

The girl is described as 168cm (5ft 6in) in height, of slim build, and having long blonde hair. When found, she was wearing a purple hooded top, tight dark coloured jeans, flat black shoes, and a grey woollen jumper. 

“We understand that the clothes were purchased in major Irish retailers,” said Supt Taylor. “We have carried out extensive enquiries but we have been unable to determine when these clothes were bought.” 

The girl has been fitted with braces on her teeth and gardaí said they have canvassed paediatric orthodontists acrossIreland for information. “Maybe she got treatment in another jurisdiction so we’re hoping some professional might come forward and say they treated the child,” said Supt Taylor. He added there is “nothing particularly characteristic” about the braces. 

Gardaí have “engaged” with the girl, who has limited English, but they have been unable to identify her or her country of origin. Specialist child interviewers have been utilised by investigators. 

Supt Taylor said the Garda investigation into the matter – dubbed Operation Shepard – had been “huge”. It has involved over 2,000 man hours and been conducted in collaboration with a number of agencies including Interpol, the Garda National Immigration Bureau and the Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Unit. 

Some 115 lines of enquiry have been followed up on, including the canvassing of airports, ports, and train stations. Guesthouses and B&Bs in the city centre have been contacted and checked for individuals who made bookings and failed to turn up. 

CCTV footage from the area the girl was found as well as from around the city have been trawled through – while the Garda Pulse system and missing persons list have also been examined. 

As a result of these enquiries, 15 possible names were provided to investigators – but all of these were checked and proved fruitless. 

“The child’s welfare is paramount,” said Supt Taylor. “We don’t take [releasing the girl’s photo] lightly. We conducted a huge investigation – engaged with everybody – but we’ve come to the point where we’re unable to identify her. 

“Obviously the child is in an interim care order with the HSE at the moment. Anybody who comes forward, a full investigation will be conducted to confirm the veracity of information.  

The HSE was against a picture of the girl being published. Its lawyers said professionals who have been working with her believe publication could have “a disturbing effect on her”.

Gardaí now publish the photograph of the unknown 14-15 yr old girl found in O’Connell St. Dublin last October

Supt David Taylor holding a photograph of the young girl found in Dublin’s O’Connell Street on October the 10th last, 

INTENSIVE EFFORTS HAVE FAILED TO UNCOVER INFORMATION ABOUT THE TEENAGER FOUND IN A DISTRESSED STATE IN DUBLIN LAST OCTOBER.

Gardaí investigating the discovery of an unidentified girl on O’Connell Street in Dublin last month have released a photograph of her.The girl was found in a distressed stated on October 10th.

Despite several weeks of investigation, and following 115 lines of inquiry, detectives have yet to identify her. It is believed she is either 14 or 15 years old and European. She has been taken into State care.

At a press briefing today, Superintendent Dave Taylor said she has limited English and has drawn some sketches in an attempt to communicate her ordeal, which remains a mystery.

“This investigation has involved over 2,000 hours, engaging with all the relevant authorities and all the relevant specialists in this area, but unfortunately we have been unable to identify her,” he said. “At the moment we need to find out who this child is.”

The High Court last week granted gardaí permission to release information about the teenager.

On Friday afternoon, Mr Justice George Birminghamgranted gardaí an order under Section 31.2 of the 1991 Child Care Act allowing them, in the excercise of their operational discretion, to release information concerning the girl to print and broadcast media.

On Thursday, lawyers for the Garda Commissioner, in seeking the order, told the court the investigation had “hit a brick wall”.

Gardaí had reached “a deadlock” in their efforts to identify the girl and every possible avenue had been exhausted.

Despite their intensive efforts gardaí were unable to establish who the girl is, where she comes from or who her family are.

They believe that a criminal offence has been committed against the girl, who is currently receiving treatment and is in the care of the HSE.

The girl’s court-appointed guardian supported the Garda application. Felix McEnroy SC on behalf of the guardian said it was in the girls best interests that steps be taken to identify her.

The HSE was against a picture of the girl being published. Its lawyers said professionals who have been working with her believe publication could have “a disturbing effect on her”.

New €125 million fund to boost Irish small and medium businesses

 

THE FUNDING WILL ASSIST irish BUSINESSES THAT NEED CAPITAL FOR EXPANSION.

An investment fund of €125 million for small and medium businesses was announced today by Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, Richard Bruton.

The capital fund aims to address the equity gap for companies that need capital for expansion and will be managed by the London based MML Growth Capital.

Enterprise Ireland has committed €25 million under the Government’s Development Capital Scheme, with AIB, the European Investment Fund, Gold Point Partners, and two United States subsidiaries of the Cigna Corporation making up the balance.

CREATE AND INNOVATE

The Irish Software Association (ISA) welcomed the funding announcement stating that while the fund will not solve the funding gap, it will help tech businesses “create” and “innovate”.

Edel Creely, ISA Chair and Managing Director of Trilogy Technologies, said it will give some SMEs access to funding to finance potential new revenue streams and to export globally.

She said it also gives a strong signal to Ireland’s SME community that the government recognises the potential of the SME sector to deliver jobs and an innovation-intensive economy.

Minister Bruton said that today’s announcement will mean that the first funds under this scheme will now start flowing into the market which will mean that more companies will be able to access the required development capital, enabling them to expand into export markets and create new jobs.

Early to bed kids could help towards preventing obesity

    

Putting children to bed earlier may be a simple way to keep their weight down and ultimately obesity, A research has shown.

Childhood obesity is not only caused by poor diet and lack of exercise, the findings suggest. Lack of sleep also appears to be an important factor.

Scientists made the discovery after adjusting the sleep patterns of 37 children aged eight to 11, more than a quarter of whom were overweight or obese.

For the first week of the study, children were asked to sleep their typical amount. During the second week, they randomly had their sleep time either reduced or lengthened. Over the course of the third week, they were given the opposite sleep schedule.

When children increased their sleep, they reported consuming an average 134 fewer calories per day and 227g in weight.

Tests revealed lower fasting levels of the hunger-regulating hormone leptin.

“Findings from this study suggest that enhancing school-age children’s sleep at night could have important implications for prevention and treatment of obesity,” said Chantelle Hart from Temple University in Philadelphia. “The potential role of sleep should be further explored.”

The findings are published in the journal Pediatrics. Now, Dr Hart is working on a follow-up study to find if increased sleep produces significant changes in eating patterns, activity, and weight.

“Given all of its documented benefits, you can’t lose in promoting a good night’s sleep,” she said.

Connemara Mining group awarded 10 licences to look for Gold etc.

 

John Teeling’s Connemara Mining Company to look for gold in Donegal

  Connemara Mining Company has been awarded 10 prospecting licences covering gold, silver and base metals in the Stranorlar region of Donegal. The mining company, which is led by executive chairman John Teeling, founder of Cooley Distillery, will focus its exploration on gold.

According to the company, the Donegal ground was selected by Connemara’s geologists following a “rigorous review of gold opportunities in Ireland”. Historical records of the Donegal area show certain anomalies consistent with gold while the geology shares similarities with the major gold discoveries by Dalradian Resources and others in Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

“The geology of Donegal lies within the highly prospective Dalradian terrane which is also home to the Curraghinalt Gold Deposit in Northern Ireland and the Cononish Mine in Scotland. Traces of gold have been discovered in earlier exploration in Donegal. We were delighted that the Tellus data issued in recent days re-enforces our findings. This is early stage prospecting but the potential is good,” said Mr Teeling, adding that Connemara is “actively involved in the gold renaissance in Ireland”.

Irish School inspectors find weakness in teaching of Irish language and maths

 

Significant weaknesses exist in the teaching of Irish, and to a lesser extent, math’s, have been found in Irish schools.

Communications with parents is another area where schools must do better, according to a new report.

The most comprehensive picture ever of what is happening in Irish schools was published today.

The Chief Inspector’s Report 2010-12 gives a detailed overview of the quality of teaching and learning, based on visits by inspectors to 93pc of primary and post-primary schools over the period.

It also includes the findings of surveys of parents and pupils on their experiences of the system.

The report expresses particular concern about the teaching of Irish at both primary and post-primary level.

It also points to weaknesses in maths teaching at post-primary level – but there is a hope that the new Project Maths syllabus will overcome those problems.

Department of Education chief inspector Harold Hislop said a “very significant” 24pc of Irish lessons in primary schools were less than satisfactory.

Similarly, in post-primary schools the quality of teaching was “satisfactory or better” in only 72pc of lessons, and in some cases teachers’ own skills in the language were deficient.

It found that the quality of learning in Irish was problematic in 32pc of cases – as many as one in three students.

The report also highlighted issues around maths in post-primary schools.

In 20pc of schools there were deficiencies in planning and preparing for teaching the subject, the quality of  teaching was only “satisfactory or better” in 77pc of classes and the quality of learning was less than satisfactory in 26oc of lessons.

Education Minister Ruairi Quinn said while the report acknowledged all the good practices taking place on a daily basis in schools, it also showed a system “screaming for reform” in some areas.

Trophy hunting of Wolves and Bears is changing their behavior and habitats

  

A top predator that must constantly look over its shoulder for fear of human hunters may not be a top predator any more.

Humans have probably been hunting big, scary predators for as long as we have been human, and for the obvious reasons: They are big. They are scary. And they are competition. The fear goes deep in our culture— the Big Bad Wolf was appearing in folk tales in the early middle ages. When I spent a little time on foot in lion habitat a few years ago, the fear felt even more deeply rooted, down somewhere in my gut. Hunting helps restore our precious illusion of control.

Even today, and even among people who may privately loathe the practice, trophy hunting of top predators can seem like a useful tool. The theory is that trophy fees—$10,000 for a lion, say—help pay to protect habitat and keep out poachers. These fees can also provide economic benefits to local communities. In theory, that increases tolerance among people who still live with large, dangerous animals outside their garden gates. Hunting some species may thus serve as the means to increase their numbers— killing predators in order to save them.

But a new study in the journal Biological Conservation asks whether what’s actually happening is the opposite: These methods may be saving large carnivores numerically, but altering their role as apex predators. A top predator that must constantly “look over its shoulder” for fear of human hunters, Andrés Ordiz and his co-authors suggest, may not be a top predator any more. And the effects of that subtle shift can reverberate through entire ecosystems.

As hunters tend to know too well, even white-tailed deer or Canada geese know what to do and where to avoid when hunting season starts. It’s the same for predators, according to the new study: Brown bears tend to shift their daily foraging and resting routines when human hunters arrive. So do lions. Wolves may actually relocate their breeding sites.

These animals’ natural ecological function as predators is to instill “the landscape of fear” in their prey. But they become victims of that landscape instead, spending more time and energy being vigilant, and less out hunting. That means they may not be as effective at controlling numbers of prey species like moose or elk, according to Ordiz and his co-authors. And that can lead in turn to overgrazing and a cascade of other effects on the habitat.

Over the long-term, persistent hunting may also make the predators themselves less big and bad. The long history of hunting and persecution in Europe may be one reason, the study suggests, that European brown bears are not nearly as fierce as grizzlies in North America, though they are the same species, Ursus arctos. “Long-term, human-caused selection may explain the reduced aggression of brown bears towards people, their nocturnal behavior, and their higher investment in reproduction,” the authors write.

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Euro zone unemployment rate reaches a record high of 12.1%

 

Euro zone jobless rate at 12.1 per cent in May with some 19 million people out of work across the region

Euro zone unemployment is at a record high according to new statistics from Eurostat, while inflation is also on the rise, with consumer prices being driven upward by volatile energy and food prices, underlining the fragility of the bloc’s economic health.

Inflation in the 17-nation euro zone, which is suffering from its longest ever recession, increased to 1.6 per cent year-on-year in June from 1.4 per cent in May, the EU’s statistics office Eurostat said. Joblessness in the bloc stood at a record 12.1 per cent in May, up from 12.0 per cent in April, with the number of people out of work rising further above 19 million, Eurostat added.

Latest figures for Ireland show that the unemployment rate was 13.7 per cent in May, unchanged from April.

Government austerity programs across the continent have helped fuel the economic hardship and provoked widespread public discontent, especially with more than half of young people unemployed in Greece and Spain. June’s inflation reading was the second upward move from a three-year low of 1.2 per cent in April, although it remains beneath the European Central Bank’s target of just under 2 per cent. Economists expect inflation to remain below the target for the rest of this year, giving the ECB scope to leave interest rates at a record low, although signs of improvement at European factories may stop the bank from cutting rates again.

“June’s rise was driven rather by unfavourable base effects and the ECB has flagged the possibility of short-tern inflation volatility,” said Nick Matthews, a senior European economist at Nomura. “We expect inflation to drop sharply again in summer.” Prices of food, alcohol and tobacco products were the key factor driving inflation in June, followed by energy and services, Eurostat said in its first estimate for the month. Core inflation, which strips out volatile food and energy prices, was stable at 1.2 percent, and did not appear to sustain an upward trend, economists said.

The ECB said last week it will keep its accommodative monetary policy stance to help a gradual economic recovery that is expected to start in the second half of this year. “The low inflation rate will permit the ECB to leave interest rates at very low levels for a long time,” said Christoph Weil, an economist at Commerzbank, who expects the bank to start increasing rates at the end of next year.

The days of church control in Ireland are over says Eamon Gilmore

  

Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore has said that the days when one church “determined the boundaries of women’s lives” are over.

He also said that abortion legislation falls short in areas such as rape cases and fatal foetal abnormalities.

Minister Gilmore said that it is setting out the law as defined by the Supreme Court – and not by the Catholic church.

“This country and this Government is not going back to the days when one church determined the boundaries of women’s lives, when one church controlled the most intimate details of people’s private lives, when one church held sway over the kind of maternity care women could receive in our hospitals with devastating results.

“THOSE DAYS ARE now OVER.”

Fujitsu annouce new Research to assist Independent Living for the elderly

      

Fujitsu have announced an exciting new research project that will build on the successful programmes of life logging and falls risk identification research in the CLARITY and TRIL research centres to deliver a ground-breaking programme of collaborative research that will deliver a novel falls risk management platform.

The KIDUKU project is being carried out in collaboration between researchers from CLARITY and TRIL, now working together in INSIGHT, and the CASALA research group in DKIT, to explore ways to assist independent living in an aging society through ICT. The project will commence in July 2013 in Ireland, will last for three years and will be run under the guidance of Prof. Alan Smeaton (CLARITY), Prof. Brian Caulfield (TRIL/CLARITY) and Dr. Cathal Guerrin (CLARITY Collaborator).

Over the course of the project, researchers will use a range of sensors to monitor patients’ daily lives, in addition to bringing the expertise of independent living support specialists together with data visualization and analysis technologies. As a result, the project aims to develop a system that supports independent living through health management and ICT, as well as solutions for seniors and patients that participate in this system.

The research will help seniors and patients follow up with illnesses and support with appropriate treatment regimens. In addition, by streamlining the sharing of information among senior citizens and patients and their family members, primary physicians, and specialists, the project aims to leverage ICT to support the lives of people in an aging society.

Sensors affixed to the clothing of senior citizens and patients living in smart houses, in situations such as when at home or outdoors, and sensors embedded in the home and surrounding environment will be used to collect various data, including physiological, psychological, physical, and social information.

By bringing the insights of independent living support specialists together with data visualization and analysis technologies, the project aims to develop a system that supports independent living through health management and ICT, as well assolutions for seniors and patients that employ this system. Using the system to help monitor senior citizens and patients will make it possible to monitor illnesses while helping them to follow appropriate treatment regimens. It will also make it easy for information to be shared among senior citizens and patients and their family members, primary physicians and specialists. Research will be conducted for several kinds of medical scenarios, including fall prevention and chronic lung disease.

The project’s name, KIDUKU, captures the essence of two Japanese words, both pronounced “kiduku,” with the first meaning “to be aware” and the second, “to construct.” The idea of being aware has to do with the ability to observe changes in different conditions, such as an individual’s health, which can lead to changes in behaviour and the offering of new support services. For this purpose, the project aims to “construct” a knowledge platform that provides services to help senior citizens and patients gain a heightened sense of awareness. The project also seeks to build senior citizen-oriented solutions that employ this system and are useful in everyday life. By collaborating with the three research institutions in Ireland on this project, and by gaining the cooperation of senior citizens and patients, Fujitsu is seeking to build a closer relationship between Ireland and Japan.

New Irish credit union governance rules to be implemented in October

 

Minister for Finance Michael Noonan has published an implementation plan for reform of the credit union sector

Outstanding measures under the Credit Union and Co-operation with Overseas Regulators Act 2012 will be implemented over the coming year.

The Department of Finance today published the implementation plan for all outstanding sections of the Credit Union and Co-operation with Overseas Regulators Act 2012.

The Act, which was signed into law last December, provides for major reforms in the credit union sector, including allowing a process of amalgamations and transfers to be undertaken on a voluntary, incentivised and time-bound basis and overseen by the Restructuring Board or ‘ReBo’. The Act also clears the way for €250 million to be contributed by the Government to the Credit Union Fund created under the legislation. This funding is to be used to support the restructuring process and underpin the stability of the credit union sector.

While implementation of a number of sections has already commenced, mainly in relation to restructuring and stabilisation, the Minister for Finance Michael Noonan today released the following the commencement dates for outstanding sections of the Act.

August 1st, 2013 – commencement of various standalone sections, including the measures allowing credit unions the right to appeal certain decisions of the Central Bank to IFSAT, administrative sanctions, and the disapplication of certain banking legislation to credit unions.

October 1st, 2013 – commencement of sections mainly in relation to new governance and prudential requirements for credit unions. These include sections 15 to 27 which relate to the roles and responsibilities of those in key positions in credit unions including the board of directors, chair, manager, board committees, credit officer and credit control officer and board oversight committee. These also include requirements relating to risk management, compliance and internal audit.

March 3rd, 2014 – commencement of parts of sections 15, 24 and 27 which were not commenced in October 2013 and include reduction in board numbers from 15 to 11, the submission by a credit union of an annual compliance statement to the bank and procedural provisions of the board oversight committee. Commencing these measures in March 2014 will allow sufficient time for credit unions to implement these measures.

Q2 2014 – commencement of other prudential measures will begin in Q2 2014, allowing for meaningful consultation between the Central Bank and credit unions prior to implementation. These measures will amend existing provisions in relation to savings, borrowing, lending, investments, reserves and liquidity

Also today, the Central Bank published a handbook which will assist credit unions by bringing a number of legal and regulatory requirements and guidance that apply to credit unions together in one place

Cigarette packets that TALK to smokers when they are opened are now on trial

     

RESEARCHERS WERE INSPIRED BY TOBACCO COMPANIES WHO HAVE BEEN MAKING PACKAGING MORE ATTRACTIVE FOR CONSUMERS

Cigarette packets that TALK could soon join the fight to browbeat smokers into quitting their unhealthy habit.

Researchers were inspired by tobacco companies who have been making packaging more attractive for consumers.

They wanted to see if similar tactics could work against the companies and encourage people to give up the habit, rather than keep buying.

Stirling University have been testing the devices on young women, and are about to open this up to include older age groups and men.

The researchers from the university’s Centre for Tobacco Control Research created two talking packets with different recorded messages.

One offered smokers a phone number for advice on quitting smoking and another warned that smoking reduces fertility.

The packets use similar technology to singing birthday cards were a message plays when the lid is opened.

The packs are fitted with a voice recording and playback unit so that the message will be replayed whenever the packet is opened.

The device was initially tested on women between the ages of 16 and 24, as this remains one of the groups with high smoking rates.

Volunteers said that they found the messages about fertility “hard-hitting” and “off-putting.”

Girls aged 16-17 in particular said that it would make them think about quitting.

However, other volunteer said that the messages could lead them to quitting or cutting back simply because they were so annoying.

One woman said: “Some people would maybe say I need to pack that in because the packets are doing my nut in.”

Researcher Crawford Moodie, one of the researchers, said: “It is possible in the future we may see packs that play music or talk, so we wanted to see if that could be used for our purposes..”

Any changes to packaging would require new legislation to force companies into using them. However, campaigners have welcomed the idea.

Sheila Duffy, chief executive of ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) Scotland said: “The tobacco industry buys a great deal of creative expertise to market its addictive and lethal products to new consumers, mainly young people.

“I welcome the suggestion that we get more creative to put forward images of good health and freedom from addiction as alternatives to tobacco, and that we start requiring tobacco companies to present the truth to their consumers in more eye-catching ways.”

Carbon from nuclear tests could help fight Animal poachers

  

Poaching is now at the highest it has been for two decades, according to conservation groups, the atmospheric carbon left over from nuclear bomb testing could help scientists track poached ivory, new research has found.

These bomb tests changed the level of carbon in the atmosphere, which can be traced to date elephant tusks.

Trafficking poached ivory is increasingly being used to fund civil wars, groups warn.

Scientists say the findings, could make it easier to enforce the ivory ban.

The number of elephants being poached is now at the highest it has been for two decades, according to a UN backed report.

This was highlighted in January when a family of11 elephants was slaughtered in Kenya , their tusks hacked off with machetes.

In the 1980s, more than half of Africa’s elephants are thought to have been wiped out by poachers. This led to an international ban on trading ivory in 1989. As public awareness of the threat of extinction increased, the global demand for ivory dwindled.

But today conservationists believe that a growing demand for ivory in China and other Asian countries is responsible for a huge increase in the number of animals being poached.

Many governments have huge stockpiles of ivory, and it is often unclear when this ivory was acquired and whether or not some of it is leaking into the illegal market.

The bomb-curve: Now scientists have found that radioactive carbon in the atmosphere emitted during the Cold War bomb tests will make it easier to distinguish between illegal ivory to that which was acquired before the trade ban.

The amount of radiocarbon in the atmosphere nearly doubled during nuclear weapons tests from 1952 to 1962, which steadily dropped after tests were restricted to underground. This has been dubbed “the bomb-curve”.

The levels have declined since but as they are still absorbed by plant, they enter the food chain and are measurable in plant and animal tissues.

The concentration of radiocarbon found in tiny samples of animal tissue can accurately determine the year of an animals death, from 1955 until today, Kevin Uno from Colombia University, US, explained to BBC News.

“This is different to the traditional dating technique which takes advantage of the loss of radiocarbon through time.”

Traditional radiocarbon dating would only be able to pick up an “imperceptible amount of decay” added Dr Uno, but because the bomb spike doubled the concentration or carbon, they were able to find huge variations over the last 60 years, which enabled accurate dating.

These wildlife forensics are ready to roll, now we need to speak to people who can set up a programme to make it happen”

Dr Uno said this technique “would dovetail very nicely with DNA testing which tells you the region of origin, but not the date”.

As anti-poaching funding is extremely limited, understanding where the poaching hotspots are, as well as how old the tusks are, could help the international community to direct funding to the places most at risk, he added.

“The year an elephant died plays a big role in whether or not the trade [of ivory] is legal. Poached ivory makes it to market relatively quickly, so by measuring the age of a tusk we can say what year it’s from. This will help us pinpoint the source of the ivory and how it’s getting to market.”

Big government organisations like the UN and Interpol have also recently increased efforts looking into the problem.

“Saving elephants – majestic and wonderful species – is priceless. These wildlife forensics are ready to roll, now we need to speak to the organisations who can set up a programme to make it happen.”

Organised criminal gangs

Poaching is a problem closely linked to poverty, politics and conflict. Poachers include poor opportunistic individuals and increasingly heavily armed militia groups who use ivory to fund conflicts.

WWF’s regional East Africa manager Drew McVey welcomed the new research, and said any help in securing convictions could reduce ivory trafficking.

“The key thing to note is that ivory has been smuggled so far and wide, we’ve got to cut down the loopholes as much as we can. Though the amount of seizures [of illegal ivory] is increasing each year, we don’t know how much we’re catching, it’s realistic to think we’re not catching all the big ones.”

He added that poaching is not easy to prevent as “one thing Africa isn’t short of is poor people” which is why it’s important to cut down the ways people are moving ivory around.