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Showing posts with label Costs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Costs. Show all posts

Monday, May 2, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG update

Garda Elite units could soon be forced to work out of prefabs because lease ceases

   
Harcourt Square, Inset GRA President Ciaran O’Neill

ELITE GARDAI WORKING WITH NATIONAL UNITS COULD SOON BE FORCED TO WORK FROM PREFABS WHEN THEY HAVE TO VACATE AN OFFICE BUILDING IN THE COMING WEEKS.

Harcourt Square houses specialist Garda units including the Special Detective Unit, the Drugs and Organised Crime Bureau, CAB, the Fraud Bureau and the National Bureau of Criminal Investigation, among others.
The Sunday World is reporting that real estate investment trust Hibernia REIT bought the site for €70m last year and the current lease on the building is due to expire next month.
Hibernia REIT plans to redevelop the site and last year received planning permission for the first phase of a redevelopment.
Gardaí will soon have to vacate the site and the Office of Public Works (OPW) has been asked to develop a new building where the national units will be based.
A development site on Military Road, near the Phoenix Park, has been recommended as the preferred site by a working group from OPW and Garda management.
However, that has yet to be signed off on and is unlikely to be ready for some time. In the meantime, gardaí will have to be temporarily rehoused.
It is understood prefabs were one of the suggestions put forward for temporary accommodation of some units.
The Garda Representative Association (GRA) has expressed concern at some of the suggested sites.
Ciaran O’Neill, who was elected President of the GRA at the annual conference in Killarney this week, is also the representative for specialist units based in Harcourt Square.
He said: “The Garda Representative Association are aware that the lease on Harcourt Square is due to expire in May 2016.
“We have entered a consultation process at a very late stage and we have a number of concerns that will be raising in that process. We are concerned in respect of some of the proposed temporary relocation sites and the standard of accommodation that will be provided.
“We have a particular concern that there is no budget allocation approved for the proposed new development that will permanently house the National Specialist Units in An Garda Síochána.”

Irish Lawyers fees rose by 5% last year despite clamour to rein in costs

  

Legal professionals put on the poor mouth, but CSO figures show they hiked up fees last year, Ireland’s high legal fees have come under fire from government ministers, State agencies, businesses and insurers.
Lawyers hiked up their prices last year at a time when the government was pushing through legislation originally intended to address high legal costs.
The cost of legal services rose by just over 5% in a six-month period, according to figures compiled by the Central Statistics Office (CSO).
The increase came as the government was being heavily lobbied by the professional bodies for solicitors and barristers to water down legislation it promised would help reduce fees.
It also suggests the Troika’s demands that Irish legal fees be brought “into the 21st century” may have fallen on deaf legal ears, while the rest of society was forced to endure its harsh austerity measures.
The legal services fees index put together by the CSO based on data from a small number of firms monitors the percentage by which prices rise or fall every three months.
The index shows that after a long period of largely static prices since 2010, prices for legal services rose by 1.3% in the second quarter of 2015 and rose again by 4.1% in the third quarter, and remained at that level until the end of year.
Whether the legal fees continued on their upward trajectory for the first three months of this year remains to seen in the 2016 figures.
But it was the first significant shift in legal prices recorded by the CSO since 2010.
Up to last year, movement in legal prices was marginal with the biggest increase recorded as 2.2pc in 2014, while the biggest decrease in prices was 1.2pc in 2013.
Of course, the latest price hike could be just a blip – as the Law Society suggested last week.
The CSO’s data is based on a small sample of legal prices submitted by up to 20 firms with at least 10 employees on a quarterly basis. The prices include hourly rates for partners and for less senior solicitors, along with fees for conveyancing, litigation and other services.
The Law Society has been at odds with the CSO over its legal prices statistics and disputes the reliability of figures, which it says the CSO itself describes as “experimental” and needing “to be treated with caution”.
However, if the rise in legal prices reflected in the CSO’s figures is not “a blip”, they confirm the European Commission’s worst fears; that officialdom’s appetite to reform the legal profession has been “tamed”.
Since they were first scrutinised by the Troika, Ireland’s legal costs have rung bells all the way to Europe.
In 2011, Istvan Szekely, the head of the so-called Troika overseeing the bailout programme, said the legal profession and its costs needed to be brought “into the 21st century”.
Two years later, the Troika was still unhappy, noting in a draft report that other sectors had experienced “considerable cost adjustments” but legal services remained expensive.
The upshot of the Troika’s dim view of Ireland’s high legal costs was the Legal Services Regulatory Bill, pushed through by Alan Shatter when he was Minister for Justice in 2011, then watered down and diluted – thanks to a four-year legal lobbying offensive – into its eventual incarnation last December.
The legislation originally proposed a “one-stop shop” for barristers and lawyers to set up businesses with other professions – a measure intended to drive competition, lower fees and lower barriers to entry. But these and other measures didn’t make it to the final draft. The Bar Council found aspects of the legislation “unconstitutional”. The Attorney General’s desire to move disciplinary responsibility for solicitors from the Law Society to the new independent legal regulator function was also thwarted. The Law Society retains financial and accounting oversight of solicitors.
In a country report on Ireland published earlier this year, the European Commission’s analysts were sceptical about this supposedly reforming legislation, because of the concessions to the legal profession. “The proof of the pudding will be in the eating,” it said. Much would depend on the new regulatory authority’s ability to “assert its independence” and to “defend society at large from vested interests”.
Critics of Ireland’s high legal costs include the profession’s biggest customers. They include government ministers, numerous State agencies, small businesses, High Court judges and insurers.
Michael Noonan, the Minister for Finance, said legal costs were driving up insurance premiums.
The Medical Protection Society, which indemnifies doctors, has blamed legal fees for driving up health costs for patients and insurance for doctors.
The Health Service Executive’s head of legal services, Eunice O’Raw, herself a barrister, wrote a memo in 2012 saying that legal costs had been “inexplicably high”.
“On occasion, brief fees demanded were of the order of €60,000 or €80,000. Such brief fees for single cases equate with the annual salaries of crown prosecution counsels in England and Wales.”
The maxim goes that the customer is always right. According to the Law Society, the claims about high legal fees are simply wrong. Most firms are non-commercial small practices led by solicitors who saw their incomes drop by 43% during the bust.
“Legal fees have been significantly impacted by the recession and have fallen substantially in recent years in response to intense competition within the profession and downward pressure from clients,” the Law Society said in a statement to the Sunday Independent.
“Because it would infringe competition law, the Law Society does not provide a scale of estimated solicitors’ fees.” Charges are subject to the “normal market forces of supply and demand”.
To finally debunk myths, we asked the Law Society if it would consider conducting its own detailed analysis of legal fees to settle the argument. The Law Society does not get involved in pricing – it leaves that to the free market. Perhaps it’s a project for the new Legal Services Regulatory Authority, whenever the powers that be get around to setting it up.

Babies to be tested to detect drinking during pregnancy

     

NEWBORN BABIES IN SCOTLAND ARE BEING TESTED FOR ALCOHOL AFTER RESEARCHERS RAISED CONCERNS THAT SOME PREGNANT MOTHERS ARE DRINKING REGULARLY.

Samples from hundreds of babies born at the Princess Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow are being studied for molecules which stay inside unborn children when their mothers drink.
Results from an initial pilot study suggest around 40% of mothers consume some alcohol while pregnant, with about 15% drinking more than one or two small glasses of wine a week.
Drinking in pregnancy can lead to long-term harm to the baby, and the more alcohol consumed, the greater the risk, the Scottish government warns.
Previous research found that even moderate drinking during the earliest months of pregnancy may be damaging.
Funded by Glasgow Children’s Hospital Charity, the latest study is to take 750 samples of meconium — the first faeces of a new-born to look for high levels of alcohol by-products. Mothers will also be asked to complete a lifestyle questionnaire.
The occasional drink will not be highlighted by the study, researchers said.
It is hoped the work will lead to targeted messages and interventions and reduce the effects of foetal alcohol syndrome, a condition where children suffer developmental problems because their mothers drank during pregnancy.
Consultant neonatologist Dr Helen Mactier, who is leading the research, said: “Alcohol consumption in pregnancy is almost certainly contributing to a lot of learning disability in Scotland and learning disability is associated with poor school performance and criminality in the long term.”
Dr Mactier said mothers from all walks of life are involved in the study.
She added: “There is an assumption that all problem drinking in pregnancy is associated with poverty and there is no evidence to confirm that.
“It is much easier to conceal problem drinking if you are affluent and if you are clever.”
She added: “I think we’re very well aware that women commonly under-report alcohol consumption in pregnancy. They are scared of repercussions and of being stigmatised and alcohol consumption is normalised in the west of Scotland particularly.
“What one person considers a small drink could be considered a larger drink by someone else. I would concur with the chief scientist’s message that women should not be drinking at all in pregnancy.”
The British Pregnancy Advisory Service said pregnant women “need support, not surveillance”.
A spokeswoman added: “This appears to be a worrying development in what is now the increasing policing of pregnancy.
“It is known that consuming large quantities of alcohol throughout pregnancy can result in lifelong learning disabilities, but little evidence of this at lower levels.
“It is unclear how the information gathered in this study will be used, and whether this will set a precedent for more widespread testing of babies — in order to ‘test’ their mothers’ claims of how much drank while pregnant.”

Pieta House prepare for suicide fundraiser on next Saturday 7th May

    
Around one million people a year worldwide take their own lives by suicide – more than those who die by homicide, war and road traffic accidents combined.
Around 500 per year take their own life in Ireland; 400 of them male. A study of young Irish men aged from 18 to 34 found that 78% knew someone who had died by suicide, 42% knew more than one person, and 17% had a close friend who completed suicide.
This year Pieta House marks ten years in existence having opened its doors at a time when suicide was still a taboo subject.
This week the organisation is preparing for Darkness Into Light, an event that is not just the charity’s flagship fundraiser but also a sign of how much the issue is now in the public conscience.
“Nobody would even mention the word then and yet when news got out that we had opened it seemed that we had opened a flood gate of sorrow fear and unspoken grief,” remembers Pieta founder, psychologist Joan Freeman.
Ten years on, the grass roots organisation has helped over 20,000 people in suicidal distress or engaging in self harm. In 2015 Pieta House delivered 49,900 hours of therapy to 5,466 people presenting with suicidal ideation and self-harm.
Today Pieta House has nine centres with a further three planned to open in the next two years – and it depends on fundraising events for a massive 85% of its income.
The Darkness into Light charity walk will place at 4.15am on Saturday, May 7, in 89 venues both at home and abroad – eleven of them in Galway city and county.
The international events – in London, New York, Canada, Abu Dhabi, Sydney, Melbourne and elsewhere – will see 50% of proceeds going to Pieta House and the other half going to a local like-minded charity in the respective area.
A real effort has been made to include the rurally isolated, especially islanders with events running on the three Aran Islands, Inishbofin, Arranmore and Tory Island.
Starting while it’s dark and finishing just as dawn is breaking, this beautiful symbolic event gives hope to people affected by suicide and self-harm.
The charity sees social isolation as a major risk factor; those living in rural areas – and particularly in farming communities – are seen to be at greater risk and have higher suicide rates.
There is no one singular cause, but Mental Health Ireland says that one in four people will experience a mental health problem at some point in their lives.
For the 500 people lost to suicide every year in Ireland a further 9,500 end up in A&E departments as a result of failed suicide attempts and intentional self-harm injuries.
Donna Burke of Pieta House West explains how the removal of barriers is an essential part of Pieta’s success; all services are free and medical referrals are not required.
“The biggest thing is that it’s self-referral; a person that is feeling maybe that they need help or support can just pick up the phone themselves – they don’t need to go through a doctor, they don’t need to go through a medical service of any kind,” she says
Pride can be a major obstacle preventing people from seeking the help they need. This is particularly true with older generations and people living in small town and rural settings.
“The likes of my dad , I know there’s no way he would go to his doctor and open up about not feeling okay,” she says.
But by removing these barriers, privacy has not been compromised and there’s no waiting time. “Anyone can be seen at any time,” says Donna.
Rural isolation has been recognised as another serious cause for concern. The high rate of suicide among men in rural areas was the driving force behind the ‘Mind Our Farm Families’ campaign – a joint initiative between the IFA and Pieta House.
Farmers face many challenges – financial pressures, red tape, long working hours, and isolation are just the tip of the iceberg.
“Unforeseen changes in farming work conditions such as continual bad weather, failing a herd test, bad harvest, isolation, being over worked, financial difficulties, impending retirement, or ill health are all things that might cause a farmer distress or bring on suicidal feelings,” say the Mind Our Farm Families campaigners.
Tom McEvoy of Pieta House West says the trained vets became ‘our eyes and ears on the ground’ and since then they have seen a big increase in numbers attending therapy.
Tom, who lost his own brother to suicide, is keen to encourage men to talk and to facilitate women to empower themselves to lookout for the signs.
That helps those who turn to Pieta House to make the journey from darkness into light – next weekend, tens of thousands around the world will make that journey for real, and by doing so they’ll shine even more light on what was once a stigma in the darkest of shadows.
There are Darkness into Light walks in Galway city, Tuam, Ballinasloe, Ballygar, Clifden, Kinvara, Inismeáin, Inis Oirr, Inis Mór, Inishbofin and An Cheathrú Rua. For further information go to www.dil.pieta.ie

Experts say we may not be the only intelligent civilization in universe?

    
The question of whether there are other forms of life in the universe has boggled the minds of scientists for time immemorial. And now, University of Rochester physics and astronomy professor Adam Frank has gone on record to say that there may be, or have been other civilizations in our universe, though it would be virtually impossible to communicate with them.
“The question of whether advanced civilizations exist elsewhere in the universe has always been vexed with three large uncertainties in the Drake equation,” said Frank, referring to previous research from the early 1960s.
In 1961, astronomer Frank Drake proposed his eponymous equation which, in brief, lists a number of conditions that would allow technological civilizations to communicate with Earthlings. That was an equation Frank and co-author Woodruff Sullivan of the University of Washington sought to update in their new study.
“We’ve known for a long time approximately how many stars exist,” Frank’s statement continued. “We didn’t know how many of those stars had planets that could potentially harbor life, how often life might evolve and lead to intelligent beings, and how long any civilizations might last before becoming extinct.”
According to Frank, there were still a lot of missing pieces of information when Drake developed his equation over 50 years ago. These included the number of stars that could host some form of life, the evolution progression of other life forms into intelligent creatures, and how long civilizations may exist.
The new A = Nast  · fbt equation is based on Drake’s, but has some of the big unknowns eliminated. The “A” refers to the number of technological species that have formed in the universe’s observable history. Nast pertains to the “number of habitable planets in a given volume of the universe,” while fbt refers to the chances a technological species could come about in one of those habitable planets.
Based on the researchers’ findings, the odds that humans are the only intelligent form of life in the universe is one in 10 billion trillion. But the fact that there are such great distances between stars, plus the uncertainty of how long technological species can exist before extinction, means there’s a very, very good chance humans may never communicate with other civilizations in the universe.
“Our results imply that our evolution has not been unique and has probably happened many times before,” said Frank in conclusion. “The other cases are likely to include many energy-intensive civilizations dealing with their feedback onto their planets as their civilizations grow. That means we can begin exploring the problem using simulations to get a sense of what leads to long-lived civilizations and what doesn’t.”   

Sunday, July 26, 2015

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG update

It’s time to jail reckless bankers say’s & urges Lucinda Creighton in new policy

Bankers who recklessly lend money to people should face jail, Renua Ireland leader Lucinda Creighton has said.

  

RENUA IRELAND FOUNDER & LEADER LUCINDA CREIGHTON

The leader of one of Ireland’s newest political parties was at Leinster House to publish her party’s plan on tackling white-collar crime.
Renua Ireland TD Billy Timmins said the Irish justice system does not take white-collar crime as seriously as so-called ordinary crime.
“If you steal an apple in Moore Street, odds are you will go through the process. But we know that many big criminals involved in company crime and fraud get away with it,” Mr Timmins said.
The plan
The party has published a 10-point plan aimed at increasing action against white-collar criminals, including making reckless lending a criminal offence – as recommended by the Central Bank governor Patrick Honohan.
“There is a really strong sense that notwithstanding the extraordinary collapse of the banking system and the massive destruction caused to the economy which has affected the lives of ordinary citizen, nothing has really changed,” Ms Creighton said.
The former Fine Gael junior minister said the policy would bring real accountability to actions and failures to act in the business world.
“We will introduce legislation which imposes criminal liability on a senior manager of a banking institution, fund or insurance undertaking who knowingly puts the viability of the institution at risk,” Ms Creighton said.
The other seven actions include:
1.       Criminal sanctions for company directors who conduct business recklessly, based on laws already in force in Australia.
2.      Curbing the use of limited company liability to escape punishment for breaking the law.
3.      Tightening provisions to ensure claiming ignorance of the law is not a defence.
4.      Reducing scope for sentence mitigation on grounds of previous good character or “good family”.
5.      Improving training for all company directors.
6.      Facilitating whistleblowers – including giving them a percentage of taxpayers’ money recouped from detecting wrong-doing.
7.      A special white-collar crime court with streamlined procedures and more training for judges and lawyers.
Asked generally about the new party, just launched in March, Ms Creighton said they are organised in all 40 constituencies nationwide in a very short space of time.
She conceded that she had said the party needed something like €1m to run a national election campaign but they had decided from day one not to take company donations.
“So the party in every constituency in the country is engaged in fundraising. It is amounts, big and small but mainly small, from individuals and not companies,” she said.
The Candidates?
Ms. Creighton said by the end of next week 14 candidates will have been selected.
“I think that is excellent for what is a party only launched weeks ago,” she added.
Wicklow TD Mr Timmins said the new party could not match the spending power of the big parties. He said unlike the big ones it got no taxpayer funding as this is decided at the start of each Dail term.
“But we have something special and that is the enthusiasm and commitment of our new members who want to change Irish politics for the better,” Mr Timmins said.
A number of candidates attended the launch, including Cllr Patrick McKee who stood in the recent Carlow-Kilkenny by-election.

Laya Healthcare hike up prices by a mighty 4%

 

Company blames rise on significant increase in volume and cost of claims

Dónal Clancy, managing director of Laya Healthcare, blamed a rise in the number and cost of claims for price rises that will apply to more an half the firm’s customers from September.
Most Laya Healthcare customers will face price increases averaging 4% from the beginning of September.
The company blamed the price increases on a significant increase in the volume and cost of claims over the past year.
The price increases will apply to around 55% of policies and will apply to policies renewed after September 1st. Laya says it has around 500,000 customers.
Laya managing director Dónal Clancy said the company was “acutely conscious of the impact” the increases would have and said it had “tried to minimise the impact across our schemes”.
“We have protected 49 of our schemes from a price increase, and minimised the impact on families with our free kids cover,” Mr Clancy said.
He said the price rises had been driven “by the significant increase we have experienced in the number and costs of medical claims in the past year”.
Mr Clancy said Laya had seen an 18% increase in the volume of claims while the cost of claims has climbed by 15% over the last 12 months.
“While better practices, high-spec technology and improved treatments are all translating into better patient outcomes, they are driving medical costs higher; which in turn has a negative impact on premiums,” Mr Clancy said.
He also pointed to a medical cost management programme implemented by the company which he suggested would deliver efficiencies of €100 million between 2012 and 2016 and had helped minimise the increases.
The Laya price increase sees it join GloHealth and Aviva in upping prices this year and attention now is likely to focus on what will happen and the State’s largest insurer, the VHI. While VHI has made no announcement on its pricing plans, an increase of some kind before 2016 seems likely.
Almost 100,000 new private health insurance policies were sold earlier this year as people rushed to enter the market to avoid age-related penalties introduced at the beginning of May.
Under the new Lifetime Community Rating (LCR) regime which started on May 1st, anyone aged over 34 without private health insurance has to pay higher prices when they take out a policy.
While the price increases will attract most attention, Laya healthcare also announced a range of new and extended benefits.
It has extended its “Free Kids” cover to its Essential Connect Health plan for a second child and every child up to the age of 18.
It will also reduce child rates on 18 schemes by between 3 and 6% and has promised to extend its 24 hour confidential GP Line.

Increases in Irish wine tax is totally against the spirit of the EU trade,

A group claims

  
The Support Your Local campaign said increases in the cost of a bottle of wine goes against the spirit of the European Project.
The group is calling on the Government to reduce excise duty on the beverage in the next budget.
It says a €1.50 increase since 2012 is having detrimental impact on farmers across the continent, while lowering the quality of wine being consumed here.
“€1.50 has been added in excise to a bottle of wine over three budgets,” said Evelyn Jones of the National Off-Licence Association, adding that the group is campaigning for a 50c reduction – one-third of the recent increase.
“That would go a long way towards improving the basic quality of wine tin he bottle.”
“The fact of the matter is that that Government is choking the quality out of an artisan product that’s produced by farmers across Europe.
“It’s seen as middle-class taxation- easy pickings – [but] would be contrary to the spirit of the EU treaty, as we don’t make wine here ourselves.”
There are a handful of wineries and vineyards in Ireland, but they are small in scale. The Lusca winery in Lusk, Co Dublin, produces only a few hundred bottles a year from vines next to their apple orchard.

Scientists stop aging process in earth worms, humans may be next

  

Human eternal life is just around the corner?

New research by molecular scientists at Northwestern University has led to the development of a procedure that allows them to switch off the aging process in worms.
As with most organisms, the worms initially showed that their adult cells began deteriorating when they reached reproductive maturity. The aging process — versus growing — begins because biological functions that protect cells within the body are shut down.
Since humans have the same genetic switch, the findings lend credence to the hope that humanity may one day be able to alleviate the aging process and certain degenerative diseases, according to the Daily Mail.
“Wouldn’t it be better for society if people could be healthy and productive for a longer period during their lifetime?” Richard I. Morimoto, senior author of the study, asked Phys.org. “I am very interested in keeping the [biological] quality control systems optimal as long as we can, and now we have a target. Our findings suggest there should be a way to turn this genetic switch back on and protect our aging cells by increasing their ability to resist stress.”
Morimoto is the Bill and Gayle Cook Professor of Molecular Biosciences and director of the Rice Institute for Biomedical Research in Northwestern’s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, where he has been building up to his latest findings for a decade. The study was published in the 23 issue of the journal Molecular Cell.
The transparent roundworm C. elegans has a biochemical environment similar to that of humans and are a popular research tool for the study of the biology of ageing and are used to model human diseases.
“C. elegans has told us that aging is not a continuum of various events, which a lot of people thought it was,” Morimoto said.

Harmful drinking is a middle-class phenomenon?

  

Wealthy over-50s are endangering their health by drinking far too much, experts have warned

Wealthy over-50s are endangering their health by drinking far too much, UK experts have warned.
Harmful drinking is a ‘middle-class phenomenon’ with older, successful people at most risk, AGE UK has warned.
Although affluent middle aged people often appear to look after themselves by eating well and exercising regularly, they are actually far more likely to drink too much than their less successful peers.
UK researchers warned it was a ‘hidden health and social problem’ because on the outside most wealthy middle class people appeared to be living well.
“Our analysis challenges popular perceptions of who is drinking too much,” said Age UK’s Chief Economist , Professor Jose Iparraguirre who carried out the research .
“It suggests public health messaging is not reaching high income groups who are most at risk.
“Because this group is typically healthier than other parts of the older population, they might not realise that what they are doing is putting their health in danger.”
The findings are based on responses from 9,000 over 50s who took part in the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing. They were asked about income, educational attainment, health, physical activity levels, loneliness depression, marital status, and employment.
Current NHS guidelines advise that men drink no more than 21 units a week – roughly 10 pints of beer. Women are advised to stick to 14 units, around seven glasses of wine.
The researchers defined harmful drinking as between 22 and 50 units a week for men and 15 to 35 weekly units for women. Higher risk was quantified as 50 units for men and 35 for women. One unit represents
Analysis of the responses showed that the risk of harmful drinking peaked for men in their early 60s and then gradually tailed off.
Women on high salaries and those who had retired were more likely to drink heavily, while smoking, higher educational attainment, and good health were all linked to heightened risk in both sexes.
Although the researchers found that heavy drinking was no linked to feeling lonely or depressed, men who lived on their own were more likely to consume harmful amounts of alcohol.
A report by the think tank 2020Health found that around eight million British adults drink more than is considered safe my experts, many of whom are middle class people who regularly drink wine with their evening meal.
Women are at greater risk if they evenly share a bottle of wine with their partner because their alcohol tolerance is lower than men’s.
The rise of home shopping delivery services has also been blamed for encouraging more older women to drink.
Government figures published last October showed a 65 per cent increase in the number of women over pension age beginning treatment for drink related problems in the last five years in England.
“We can sketch the problem of harmful drinking among people aged 50 or over in England as a middle class phenomenon: people in better health, higher income, with higher educational attainment and socially more active are more likely to drink at harmful levels,” added Professor Jose Iparraguirre
“Our findings suggest that harmful drinking in later life is more prevalent among people who exhibit a lifestyle associated with affluence and with a ‘successful’ ageing process.
“Harmful drinking may then be a hidden health and social problem in otherwise successful older people.”
Charities said that many middle aged older people did not realise how much they were drinking because they often did it at home.,
“Harmful drinking is a real issue for middle-aged and older people, many of whom are regularly drinking above recommended limits, often in their own homes,”
“These are the people who, if they develop alcohol related illnesses, tend to require the most complex and expensive health care due to the mental and physical problems caused by drinking too much.
Drinking too much alcohol is directly linked to over 60 medical conditions including liver disease sevenfold, mouth cancer fivefold and stroke threefold. For women, breast cancer risk doubles.

A four-legged Brazilan snake discovered recently

Fossil discovered of four-legged snake from 113 million years ago

  

An four-legged snake, Tetrapodophis amplectus a salamander.

Scientists have discovered a 113 million-year-old fossil of a snake which has four legs with fingers and toes.
The Tetrapodophis amplectus – nicknamed ‘huggy snake’ – is the first evidence found of a four-legged snake.
The 20cm-long skeleton, which is thought to be from Brazil, has a tiny head the size of a human fingernail.
It has two very small front legs with wrists, elbows and hands and slightly longer back legs, which would have been used to grasp its prey.
A skeleton of a Tetrapodophis
The fossil, which is of a juvenile, also shows adaptations for burrowing, rather than swimming, strengthening the idea that snakes evolved on land.
Dr Dave Martill, who discovered the unseen fossil in a collection in a German museum, said it is “an incredibly significant specimen”.
The University of Portsmouth professor said: “It is generally accepted that snakes evolved from lizards at some point in the distant past.
“What scientists don’t know yet is when they evolved, why they evolved, and what type of lizard they evolved from.
“This fossil answers some very important questions, for example it now seems clear to us that snakes evolved from burrowing lizards, not from marine lizards.”
• Fossil with hips shows snakes’ lizard past
Dr Martill has been working with expert German palaeontologist Helmut Tischlinger and Dr Nick Longrich, of the University of Bath, who studied the evolutionary relationships of the snake.
Dr Longrich, who had previously worked on the origins of snakes, became intrigued when Dr Martill told him the story at the local pub in Bath.
He said he was initially sceptical, but when Dr Martill showed him photographs, he knew immediately that it was a fossil snake.
He said: “A four-legged snake seemed fantastic and as an evolutionary biologist, just too good to be true.
“It is a perfect little snake, except it has these little arms and legs, and they have these strange long fingers and toes.
• Scientists discover fossilised remains of world’s longest snake
“The hands and feet are very specialised for grasping. So when snakes stopped walking and started slithering, the legs didn’t just become useless little vestiges – they started using them for something else.
“We’re not entirely sure what that would be, but they may have been used for grasping prey, or perhaps mates.”
Interestingly, the fossilised snake also has the remains of its last meal in its intestine, including some fragments of bone.
The prey was probably a salamander, showing that snakes were carnivorous much earlier in evolutionary history than previously believed.