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Showing posts with label Medication. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Medication. Show all posts

Thursday, May 14, 2015

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

PTSB boss says I will refuse Noonan’s calls for cheaper mortgages

  
Permanent TSB boss Jeremy Masding told the Dáil yesterday that he will reject any political requests to cut borrowing costs for customers on expensive variable mortgages
Permanent TSB boss Jeremy Masding told the Dáil yesterday that he will reject any political requests to cut borrowing costs for customers on expensive variable mortgages.
Asked directly whether he would refuse a request from Finance Minister Michael Noonan, the bank chief executive replied; “Yes; but not bluntly.” He added that he’d tell Mr Noonan that he’d “prefer if you didn’t ask me questions about the running of my organisation”.
The remarks to the Oireachtas finance committee put Permanent TSB on a collision course with Mr Noonan and Taoiseach Enda Kenny, who have promised to demand cuts to variable mortgages.
The chief executives of Bank of Ireland and Ulster have also said they would not listen to Mr Noonan, although AIB boss David Duffy seemed to suggest he would. AIB is almost 100pc owned by the State. Permanent TSB is 75% owned by the State while other lenders such as Ulster Bank are independent. Permanent TSB was controlled by the State but has recently sold a stake on the stock exchange.
Mr Masding again dashed hopes he might soon decide to cut borrowing costs for his existing customers with variable mortgages. He rejected repeated suggestions from TDs and senators who said that Permanent TSB was in a position to stop charging customers more than 40 times what it costs the bank to borrow from the European Central Bank.
The chief executive dismissed the argument about low borrowing costs, saying the bank only borrows 15% of its funds from the ECB. It borrowed more than half during the crisis.
He also told TDs and senators that new customers may get cheaper mortgages than existing customers because the markets regard the new borrowers as a lower risk. Questioned about whether Permanent TSB could lose good customers who pay their mortgages to a cheaper competitor, Mr Masding said “we are spending a lot of time reflecting on this issue” and said the bank was “developing a strategy”.
Following criticism on how the bank is dealing with certain customers in arrears, Mr Masding repeatedly invited TDs and senators to send him details of the individuals who were encountering problems with Permanent TSB’s call centres.

Cost of car insurance increases in Ireland while fuel prices fall

  
Central Statistics Office inflation report reveals mixed fortunes for motorists
Insurance companies who had engaged in a bidding war over the last few years have had to increase premiums to return to profitability.
There was mixed news for Irish motorists contained within the pages of the latest inflation report from the Central Statistics Office (CSO).
One of the most notable changes over the last 12 months has been a decrease of 6% in the overall cost of transport.
Prices across this sector fell mainly as a result of a dramatic decline in the cost of petrol and diesel in the early part of this year as well as a less significant fall in airfares and a reduction in the price of cars.
The average cost of a car fell by 2.5% over the 12 months to the end of April while petrol recorded a fall of 8.7% and diesel dropped in price by 11.3%.
The cost of air fares fell by 27.7% as airlines benefited from cheaper aviation fuel due to falls in the price of crude oil on international markets.
The fall in fuel prices appears to have been arrested over the last four weeks however and the figures show that petrol prices actually climbed by just 2.6% in April while diesel prices inched up by 0.3%.
Many of the gains motorists will have experienced over the last 12 months will have been offset by dramatic increases in the cost of motor insurance over the same period.
Car insurance climbed by just under 16% between the end of April 2014 and April this year.
The key reason prices have spiked in recent times can be attributed to a significant price correction in the market since the beginning of the year. Between 2011 and the end of last year, insurers were engaged in something close to a price war with many cutting premiums in order to increase their market share.
However, this hit their bottom lines and as they faced significant losses, many have had to increase their premiums for this year and next in an attempt to return to profitability.

Why a weak handshake is bad news for your heart

    
A new study has found that weak grip strength was linked to shorter survival and a greater risk of having a heart attack or stroke.
The strength of your handshake could indicate the chance of a future heart attack, a major study has suggested.
Researchers found that the vigour of a person’s grip could predict the risk of heart attacks and strokes – and was a stronger indicator of death than checking systolic blood pressure.
The study in ‘The Lancet’ medical journal, involving almost 140,000 adults in 17 countries, found weak grip strength was linked to shorter survival and a greater risk of having a heart attack or stroke.
Reduced muscular strength, which can be measured by grip strength, has been consistently linked with early death, disability and illness. But there has been limited research on whether grip strength could be used to indicate heart health.
The findings show that every five-kilo decline in grip strength was associated with a 16% increased risk of death from any cause; a 17% greater risk of cardiovascular death; a 17% higher risk of non-cardiovascular mortality and more modest increases in the risk of having a heart attack (7%) or a stroke (9%). Overall, grip strength was a stronger predictor of all deaths, including those from heart disease, than systolic blood pressure.
The associations persisted even after taking into account differences in other factors that can affect mortality or heart disease, such as age, physical activity level, and tobacco and alcohol use. Potentially, grip strength could be an easy and inexpensive test to assess an individual’s risk of death and cardiovascular disease.

Doctors are warned about combining antibiotics with cholesterol medication

  
Cork coroner hears Kenneth Beazley suffered from a complex medical history. Kenneth Beazley of Ballybrassil, Cobh, Co Cork, who died on January 19th last.
Physicians have been warned to avoid prescribing fusidic acid antiobiotics to patients who are on cholesterol-lowering statin medications.
Kenneth Beazley (80) of Ballybrasil, Cobh, Co Cork, died on January 19th last at Cork University Hospital (CUH) after being prescribed a bacteriostatic antibiotic fusidic acid in conjunction with his regular statin medication.
Cork City Coroner’s Court heard Mr Beazley suffered from a complex medical history having undergone bypass surgery. He also had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and degenerative joint disease. He had two joint replacements arising out of his arthritis.
His GP, Dr Peter Morahan, told coroner Dr Myra Cullinanethat the late Mr Beazley had been a patient of his from 1977. He said he had treated Mr Beazley for a variety of conditions over the years at his Cobh-based surgery.
In November 2014, the doctor noticed a bloody discharge coming from Mr Beazley’s right knee. Mr Beazley went to the surgery on a daily basis from December 1st to 4th, as there was a discharge from the knee.
Dr Morahan consulted with consultant orthopaedic surgeon Dr Richard Creedon who recommended Mr Beazley take a fusidic acid antibiotic in tablet form.
A two-week prescription was written and a subsequent two-week prescription for the same drug was dispensed later that month. Dr Morahan said he was not aware of any problems with prescribing fuisdic acid antibiotics to a patient on statins and that it was a long-established antiobiotic that seemed appropriate to deal with the infection. The acid was developed 40 years ago and specifically works by preventing bacterial replication. It is now primarily used in drug “cocktails” to target anti biotic resistant strains.
On December 22nd, Mr Beazley attended the surgery where the doctor found there was a slight elevation in his INR levels in his blood test. Mr Beazley presented at a level of 3.4, but it wasn’t a cause of major concern as normal levels are in the 2.0 to 3.0 range.
However, in the weeks that followed, Mr Beazley’s INR levels in his blood tests rose from 6.8 to 7.9. He was admitted to the Bon Secours Hospital in Cork on the January 9th. His condition continued to deteriorate and he died at CUH 10 days later.
Consultant orthopaedic surgeon Dr Richard Creedon, who is a specialist in arthroscopic knee surgery, said he had seen Mr Beazley on a few occasions. He told Dr Cullinane that on December 4th Dr Morahan contacted him about pus which was being discharged from the pensioner’s knee. A CT scan was to be organised and a recommendation was made that Mr Beazley be put on a course of fusidic acid antibiotics.
Dr Creedon said he had never come across any problem with that antibiotic and statin medications. He described the pensioner as a “handsome and debonair man” before offering his condolences to the family at their tragic loss.
Dr John McCarthy, a physician at the Bon Secours Hospital, said Mr Beazley was admitted to the facility in January of this year with decreasing mobility issues and muscle weakness. He said a consultant onsite put forward the possibility of problems with the prescribing of fuisidic acid antibiotics and station medication when Mr Beazley’s condition started to deteriorate.
Mr Beasley was transferred to CUH for renal replacement therapy on January 16th. He died of cardiac arrest three days later.
Dr Margaret Bolster, who carried out the autopsy on Mr Beazley, said Mr Beazley had a number of serious aliments including severe heart disease. She noted an extensive breakdown of his skeletal muscle. She said his cause of death was almost certainly the combination of statin drugs and fusidic antibiotics.
However, Dr Bolster described such cases as being extremely rare having only ever come across two instances in all her years as a pathologist.
A verdict of medical misadventure was recorded in the case.
Dr Cullinane said she previously issued a warning about the usage of statin medication and fusidic acid at an inquest in 2008. She asked that the matter be again raised with the Irish Pharmaceutical Health Care Association and the Health Products Regulatory Authority.
Dr Cullinane offered her condolences to the family for their “devastating tragedy.”

Connacht Whiskey Company at launch of ‘Vision for Irish Whiskey’

   
Bernard Walsh, chairman, Irish Whiskey Association and founder of Walsh Whiskey Distillery, with David Stapleton of The Connacht Whiskey Company, Ballina.
The Minister for Agriculture and Food, Simon Coveney, has launched the Irish Whiskey Association’s ‘Vision for Irish Whiskey’ at an event in the Old Jameson Distillery, Smithfield, Dublin.
The document sets out the industry’s ambition for the future and outlines a strategy to ensure continued growth in the sector.
There are 26 new or proposed distilleries across Ireland and annual exports of Irish whiskey are now valued at over €300 million, up 220% since 2003.
Among those at the launch were The Connacht Whiskey Company, which is setting up in Ballina at the old Duffy’s Bakery site in Belleek.
The Irish whiskey strategy document is based on a comprehensive survey of the sector and outlines the sector’s ambitions, which include: to grow global market share by 300% by 2030 from 4% to 12%; to grow exports from 6.5m nine-litre cases to 12m nine-litre cases by 2020; to double exports again to 24m nine-litre cases by 2030; to grow whiskey tourism from 600,000 visitors to 800,000 in the medium term; to increase employment by 30% from 5,000 direct and indirect jobs to 6,500 by 2025; to invest over €1bn between 2010 and 2025; and to increase production by 41% over the same period.
In order to meet the ambitious targets, the Vision for Irish Whiskey outlines five key pillars that will support sustainable growth. They are: adequately resourced infrastructure, including financial support for new entrants and adequate malting capacity; category integrity and promotion, including clear guidelines on the production of Irish whiskey and the promotion of geographic indication (GI) status; sustainable supply and demand, incorporating additional capacity to support market growth; an all-island approach to tourism, including the Irish whiskey trail; and a strong home market, creating a sense of pride in the industry at home and abroad.
At the document launch Minister Coveney said: “Growth of almost 200% over a decade reflects an industry with ambition, a sense of mission, and a deep understanding of individual markets. Irish whiskey brands now represent the fastest growing spirit globally and with investment of €1 billion planned over a 10-year period, the product and those who champion it will be well placed to generate growth, exports and jobs, and a very special tourist offering celebrating an all-island heritage.”
Bernard Walsh, founder of Walsh Whiskey Distillery and chairman of the Irish Whiskey Association, said: “The potential is massive. If we look at our neighbours in Scotland, we see the world-leading Scotch industry exporting over 90 million nine-litre cases annually. There are over 130 Scottish distilleries that bring investment and employment into rural areas. There is no reason why Ireland cannot achieve similar success.
“We look forward to working with Minister Coveney and other relevant stakeholders going forward to ensure Irish whiskey stays on track to become a true success story for brand Ireland.”

The pint of Science is going down very nicely

 

Themes for this year’s festival, which moves science to the pub, include sports, obesity and smart devices
How do our brains work? How do we make our water safer and our cities smarter? Can we thwart diseases with devices, food and even maths? These are among the dozens of questions that will fuel the Pint of Science Ireland festival in Dublin, Galway and Limerick later this month.
The festival will feature talks and discussions with more than 80 researchers and the idea is to provide a social setting where the public can engage with research and ask questions, according to Pint of Science Ireland director Dr Seán Mac Fhearraigh. “If we did this in a lecture hall it would remain as a formal setting,” he says. “Instead, thepub provides a place for the public to chat away with researchers during and after talks without the intimidation of asking questions in a large lecture theatre.”
Themes: Themes during the three-evening festival will include sports, obesity and nutrition, how smart devices and cities are emerging, the complexities of the human mind and even “The Universe and Hollywood” for the cinematically inclined.
In Galway, Edel Browne will be taking the floor with Free Feet, a laser light device that attaches to the shoe and is designed to treat “gait freezing”, which can be an issue for people with Parkinson’s disease.
Free Feet won the best individual award at the BT Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition in 2013 and Browne has developed it from project to product. “I will be speaking about the inspiration behind the product and how it works, including very promising trial results and plans for the future,” she says.
Browne, a first-year biotechnology student at NUI Galway, hopes the audience will get a sense of how you can innovate outside the lab – she built her first prototype on the kitchen table – and she is keen on the idea of talking about science in a relaxed and sociable setting.
Contagion: Meanwhile in Limerick, Prof James Gleeson will be looking at the science of contagion as it spreads through a network of connections.
“Infectious disease spreads from an infected person to others that they meet, banks default on their debts and causes other banks to become insolvent, news stories and rumours ‘go viral’ on Twitter and Facebook – all these are examples of contagion,” says Gleeson, who is professor of industrial and applied mathematics at the University of Limerick and co-director of the Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry.
“The mathematics that describes all these contagion events is very similar, so what we learn about understanding and controlling one type of contagion can be transferred, using the language of mathematics, to the other types too.”
He sees the festival as an opportunity to entertain and inspire people about science, and he hopes to offer the perspective that maths isn’t just about proving theorems: “It is a language for describing all sorts of challenges in the real world, and knowing the language can sometimes give insights that wouldn’t otherwise be discovered.”
Last year’s Pint of Science Ireland festival proved a hit with both researchers and attendees, says Mac Fhearraigh, and this year tickets are being snapped up again. “We will try to provide three days of engaging talks about the science that shapes the world we live in,” he says. 

Wednesday, December 5, 2012

Donie's news Ireland BLOG Wednesday


Ireland Budget 2013:- property tax, excise duty increases, motor & carbon tax hikes as well

 

The Minister for Finance Michael Noonan poses with Budget 2013 ahead of his speech in the Dail this afternoon.

A property tax, reduced child benefit payments, increased excise duties on cigarettes and alcohol, hikes to the student contribution charge and changes to the PRSI system are among the key measures outlined in Budget 2013.
The Government has detailed how it plans to achieve an adjustment of €3.5 billion next year, with Minister for Finance Michael Noonan outlining taxation measures expected to generate €1.25 billion and Minister for Public Expenditure Brendan Howlin outlining expenditure cuts of €2.25 billion.

Main points of Budget 2013

As he delivered Ireland’s sixth austerity budget in five years, Mr Noonan said it was “a good day for taking stock of where we are” as a country.
He said the State’s general deficit would stand at 8.2 per cent at the end of the year, inside the 8.6 per cent bailout target. This would fall to 7.5 per cent in 2013, 5.1 per cent in 2014 and 2.9 per cent in 2015. The figures, he said, were based on economic growth of 1.5 per cent next year, 2.5 per cent in 2014 and 2.9 per cent in 2015.
The property tax, Mr Noonan said, is to be levied at a rate of 0.18 per cent on properties worth up to €1 million and 0.25 per cent on properties valued at more than that. He said certain properties would be exempt from assessment for the tax, in a similar way to exemptions from the €100 Household Charge. There will also be a system of voluntary deferral arrangements to assist those facing difficult circumstances.
Excise duty is to increase by 10 cent on pints of beer and cider and measures of spirits, and by €1 on a 750ml bottle of wine from midnight. The price of a pack of cigarettes is to go up by 10 cent from midnight and the price of a 50g pouch of tobacco is to rise by 50 cent.
Motor tax is to rise by between €10 and €126, with a carbon tax on peat and coal to be introduced on a phased basis.
Spending in the areas of Social Welfare and Health will increase by €150 million each, to €20.2 billion and €13.6 billion respectively.
Mr Howlin said the Government had decided that reducing the primary weekly rates of social welfare would have a detrimental impact on domestic demand.
However, he said child benefit would be cut by €10 per month, saving €136 million next year, and jobseekers benefit would only be available for nine months, rather than 12 months, which would save €33 million in 2013 and €82 million in a full year.
Mr Howlin announced changes to the telephone element of the household benefits package, to save €60 million, and the electricity allowance, to save €20 million.
Prescription charges for medical card holders are being tripled from €0.50 to €1.50 with the monthly cap for a family rising from €10 to €19.50.
The respite care grant, which is made to carers on an annual basis, is to be cut by €325 to €1,375 per annum.
In health, access to medical cards for over-70s is being restricted with individuals with an income of €600-700 per week (€1,200-1,400 for a couple) now qualifying for a GP-only card rather than the full card.
Professional fees for GPs and pharmacists are being cut again, in a move which will save €70 million.
The €2,250 third level student contribution charge is to increase by €250 in each of the next three years.
The reduced rate of USC for those over 70 with an income in excess of €60,000 will be discontinued at the end of the year and they will pay the standard rate.
Mr Noonan announced the abolition of the weekly PRSI allowance for workers and increased the minimum level of annual contribution from the self-employed from €253 to €500. Income tax rates have been left unchanged.
He said he was increasing the DIRT tax on deposits by 3 per cent to 33 per cent, decreasing the threshold at which Capital Acquisitions Tax applies by 10 per cent and increasing the rates of Capital Acquisitions Tax and Capital Gains Tax by 3 per cent to 33 per cent from midnight tonight.
“Today, on Budget Day, the Government recommits itself to this task, and political friends and foes alike should be under no illusion; this Government will not resile from the task in hand,” Mr Noonan said. “We will not dither or procrastinate but will drive forward to lead this country out of the despair and despondency and lack of self worth in which we found ourselves in March 2011.”
The State now had the basis of a renewed economy that will lead to greater employment, he said.
In order to support small businesses in this new economy, Mr Noonan said he was reforming the three year corporation tax relief for start up companies to allow unused credits to be carried forward.
He is also changing the R&D tax credit by doubling the initial spend eligible for the credit from €100,000 to €200,000 and extending the foreign earnings deduction for work related travel to certain countries beyond the BRICS, to support exports.
The VAT rate for the tourist industry will continue at 9 per cent, as opposed to 13.5 per cent, in 2013, a rebate on fuel will be available to hauliers from next July, and a range of support funds are being developed by the National Pension Reserve Fund to provide equity, financing and restructuring options.
The rate of corporation tax is to be maintained at the current level. The Government is providing Enterprise Ireland with an allocation of €139 million to support indigenous Irish exporters in 2013. A new ten-year €175 million Venture Capital Fund is being rolled out to fund new and expanding Irish companies.
Mr Howlin concluded by saying that when he took office last year, he “could not be certain that we would make it through this crisis”.
“I no longer hold this fear,” he said. “What the people of Ireland have endured has been tough, almost without precedent in the developed world.
“That we will come through it, and we will, is a significant shared achievement. In time, future generations will be proud that we, as a people, tackled this crisis head on. There remain difficult challenges ahead of us but Ireland and her people will prosper again.”
Key Measures- Budget 2013: 
  • Unvouched expenses for TDs abolished
  • Third-level registration fees to rise
  • Child benefit cut by €10 per month
  • Expenditure adjustments of €2.25bn
  • Capital Acquisitions Tax threshold falls by 10 per cent.
  • Carbon tax extended to solid fuels
  • Corporation tax remains unchanged
  • DIRT increases by 3% to 33%
  • Motor tax to rise from January 1st
  • Excise duty on tobacco to increase
  • €1 duty increase on wine
  • 10 cent rise on spirits, beer and cider
  • Property tax of 0.18% on homes worth less than €1m and 0.25% over €1m
  • Homes bought in 2013 exempt from property tax
  • Film tax relief extended to 2020
  • Tourism 9% VAT rate to remain for 2013
  • Farmers to get extended rate of stock relief
  • Diesel rebate for hauliers from July
  • R&D tax credits amended to encourage innovation
  • Tax reform plan for SMEs

Budget rise in prescription fees could increase Irish health care costs

   
The Irish Pharmacy Union has reacted angrily to the announcement to treble the cost of prescription fees for patients and also to cut the professional fees to community pharmacists in the Budget.
The IPU said that the decision to treble the Prescription Levy for medicines from 50c to €1.50 in Budget 2013 could result in patients being hospitalised due to not getting the treatment that they need.
IPU President, Rory O’Donnell, said: “We understand the difficult budgetary situation that the Government is faced with, but increasing the levy could force sick people to go without medicine that they need. Such a move may also result in people having to be hospitalised when this could have been avoided – resulting in higher healthcare costs for the Government”.
The IPU has again called for patients in residential care, with intellectual disabilities, homeless patients and patients receiving treatment under the Methadone Treatment Scheme to be exempt from the levy.
The IPU is also “extremely surprised” at the decision to further reduce professional fees to pharmacists.
Mr O’Donnell said: “The decision to introduce the third cut in three years is disproportionate and particularly unfair on healthcare professionals who have contributed nearly €450m in savings to the Exchequer in the last three years and when 75% of the health budget is protected from change.”

Over 100 Garda stations to close in 2013

  
Some 100 Garda stations are to close as part of Garda “consolidation” process, with the opening hours of six stations in Cork city to be reduced and the amalgamation of 28 Garda districts into 14.
Minister for Justice Alan Shatter announced the measures as part of the Annual Policing Plan for 2013 before the Houses of the Oireachtas this afternoon.
Every year, the Garda Commissioner must submit to the Minister a policing plan setting out the proposed arrangements for policing the State for the following year.
In addition to the closure of part-time small garda stations, two large stations in Dublin are to be closed.
These are Stepaside in South Dublin which has 34 Garda members and Kill O’ the Grange in Dun Laoghaire which has 28 Garda members.
These members will be primarily allocated to Dundrum and Dun Laoghaire stations.
Speaking at Garda Headquarters today the Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan said that these strategic reforms will “enhance service delivery, increase efficiency and streamline practices within the organisation”.
It is anticipated that most of the stations will be closed in the first six months of 2013.
Following the proposed station consolidation next year, there will be 564 garda stations in the State.
Other measures announced include a sum of €5m being made available for the purchase and fit-out of new Garda vehicles in 2013 and legislation for a DNA database will be the enacted.

Irish catholic bishops respond to abortion report

  
CARDINAL SEÁN BRADY, head of the Catholic Church in Ireland left picture and the Bishop of Kilmore Leo O’Reilly on the right.

Ireland’s Catholic bishops have criticised the Government for not asking the Expert Group on Abortion to consider the option of holding a referendum to reverse the 1992 Supreme Court judgment in the X Case.

They said the more recent judgement of the European Court of Human Rights in the A, B, and C cases permits such an option, but is not included in last week’s report.
Last night Minister for Health James Reilly reiterated the Government’s determination to bring legal clarity to the Supreme Court judgment in the X Case.
He denied this meant introducing abortion on demand.
In its initial response to the expert group report, the Irish Catholic Bishop’s Conference also said clearer guidelines within the current legislative framework may offer a way forward in the controversy.
Speaking on RTÉ’s Morning Ireland, Bishop of Kilmore Leo O’Reilly said the country’s bishops believed the expert group’s report on abortion was flawed.
He said legislation for abortion is not acceptable, and the expert group did not consider the whole range of options available.
“Three of the four proposals by the expert group included abortion. And that’s not something that’s acceptable in catholic teaching as everybody knows. The second thing is they don’t seem to have considered the whole range of options available,” he said.
Yesterday, five bishops joined a protest outside Leinster House demanding that Fine Gael stick to its promise not to legalise abortion.
Several thousand people attended the demonstration.

New pill to stop Alzheimer's in its tracks to go on trial in 2013

  

A new once a day pill that scientists hope could stop Alzheimer’s disease in its tracks goes on trial next year.

A small number of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s could get access to the drug, known only as MK-8931, when the trial starts in the new year.
Should it prove effective, hundreds of thousands of sufferers in this country could potentially benefit from it in just a few years, experts have suggested.
Early tests indicate that the drug could be remarkably effective at halting the biochemical process, known as the amyloid cascade, that causes the disease.
Alzheimer’s results from brain cells dying off, linked to the build-up of structures between cells called amyloid plaques.
Pharmaceutical firms have had some success with drugs that clear these plaques. One, called solanezumab, has been shown to slow mental decline in people with a mild-to-moderate stage of the disease by a third.
Results
However, results were less positive than hoped, and researchers are increasingly convinced that the best way to attack Alzheimer’s is before the plaques form in large numbers.
They are looking at agents which tackle the key ingredient of the plaques, a protein called beta amyloid.
In a pilot study of 200 healthy volunteers, the drugs company MSD showed that MK-8931 reduced levels of beta amyloid in spinal fluid by 92pc. Results were presented to the American Academy of Neurology earlier in the year.
MSD is rolling out the study to 1,700 people with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s worldwide. Half will be given the drug and half a placebo, and researchers will measure rates of cognitive decline.
Dr Richard Perry, a consultant neurologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in London, said: “It’s about getting in early, so that if less amyloid is produced, less plaques will come together.
“From what I have seen, this drug looks encouraging in terms of reducing the level of abnormal beta-amyloid.”
The researchers are not expecting the pill to improve the abilities of sufferers. Most experts think there is no way of reversing Alzheimer’s damage.

Wild birds line their nests with cigarette butts to repel pests, scientists claim

 

Birds are lining their nests with cigarette butts to repel pests and keep themselves warm, according to research.

Wild birds have long protected their nests from mite invasion by importing chemical-emitting plants.
But now birds living in cities seem to have adapted similar behaviour, filling their nests with up to 48 cigarette buts to make use of the repellent properties of tobacco.
The nicotine and other chemicals in discarded filters act as a natural pesticide that repels parasitic mites. At the same time, the cellulose butts provide useful nest insulation.
Scientists in Mexico City studied nests of house sparrows and house finches that each contained, on average, about 10 used cigarette butts.
Birds who stored larger numbers of butts saw their nests significantly less infested by mites.
To test the parasite-repelling effect, the researchers attached cellulose fibres from smoked and non-smoked filters to thermal traps placed in nests.
The battery-operated traps attract mites by generating heat. Fewer parasites were drawn to traps laced with nicotine-laden smoked butts.
Dr Constantino Macias Garcia, from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, and his team wrote in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters: “We provide evidence that urban birds incorporate cellulose from smoked cigarette butts into the nest and that this behaviour entails a reduction in the number of nest-dwelling ectoparasites.
“It appears that this effect may be due to the fact that mites are repelled by nicotine, perhaps in conjunction with other substances, because thermal traps laced with cellulose from smoked butts attracted fewer ectoparasites than traps laced with non-smoked cellulose.
“This novel behaviour observed in urban birds fulfils one of the three conditions necessary to be regarded as self-medication: it is detrimental to parasites.”
Nicotine is a natural defence chemical used by the tobacco plant to ward off plant-eating insects, the researchers pointed out.
It had been used to protect crops from pests and also to control parasites in poultry.
The scientists said it was possible the anti-mite nest protection was a happy coincidence. Birds might only be lining their nests with discarded butts because they provide good insulation.
Further studies could reveal if this is the case by offering the birds a choice of smoked and non-smoked butts. Either would do for insulation, but only filters from smoked cigarettes can effectively repel mites.
“Birds could distinguish smoked and non-smoked butts from their scent, just as some birds that use the chemical compounds of plants as defence against parasites appear to rely on olfaction to collect those with effective chemicals,” the scientists wrote.