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Showing posts with label New Irish Government. Show all posts
Showing posts with label New Irish Government. Show all posts

Thursday, April 14, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Micheal Martin urges Irish Independents to show their hand and declare one way or the other?

MOVE COMES AFTER SCHEDULED TALKS BETWEEN FG AND FF ARE CANCELLED.

   

FIANNA FÁIL LEADER MICHEAL MARTIN CONTACTED INDEPENDENT TDS AND URGED THEM TO VOTE FOR EITHER A FINE GAEL OR A FIANNA FÁIL-LED GOVERNMENT.

Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin has told Independent TDs the time has come for them to declare their support for either him or Enda Kenny as Taoiseach.
Mr Martin contacted all 15 Independents in talks with both parties Wednesday evening and urged them to vote for either a Fine Gael or a Fianna Fáil-led Government.
His move came after a scheduled discussion on policy between Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil was cancelled.
It is understood, however, both parties are still open to further negotiations.
No further meetings have been planned but it is anticipated contact will be made between the two parties on Thursday.
Mr Martin has told Independents that, in the absence of a commitment from Fine Gael that it will support a Fianna Fáil-led minority government, he is not willing to continue in discussions with non-party deputies.
A Fianna Fáil source said Mr Martin will give up on pursuing a Fianna Fáil minority government if he does not secure an additional seven or eight TDs in the vote on Thursday.
Similarily, a significant shift to Mr Kenny would allow Fianna Fáil to acknowledge Fine Gael can form a minority government which Mr Martin will facilitate from the opposition.
Sources in both parties said the process of forming a government had dragged on for too long and needed to come to a swift conclusion.
The possibility of a second election in the absence of enough Independent TDs declaring for Mr Martin or Mr Kenny was being speculated upon in Leinster House.
A Fianna Fáil source said: “It would require a significant number of Independents to vote for Micheal Martin as taoiseach. One or two will not be enough.
“If they want to support a fine Gael minority government that is their choice but we need to know. We are on a roundabout with no exits so the time has come. This is their final opportunity.”
A Fine Gael source said the talks with Fianna Fáil would resume after the vote for Taoiseach on Thursday.
“Fianna Fáil want to allow any Independnets who want to jump in their favour one last chance to do so,” the source said.
The Independent Alliance will meet on Thursday at 11.30 am to decide whether to vote for Mr Kenny or Mr Martin.
However, members of the group said they saw no reason to declare for either party and are likely to abstain in the vote.
Waterford TD John Halligan has opted out of the discussions with both parties.
The five rural TDs of Denis Naughten, Mattie McGrath, Michael Harty, Michael Collins and Noel Grealish will also meet on Thursday to discuss what they should do.
It is expected they will vote against both candidates as will Independent TD Danny Healy-Rae.
Mr Kenny had been hopeful the vote on Taoiseach could be deferred but he needed the support of Fianna Fáil and said this was not forthcoming.
The two parties only met for an hour on Wednesday to discuss the mechanics of a minority government with a meeting scheduled for 8pm to exchange policy papers.
However, it was cancelled at short notice by Fianna Fáil in a move described as frustrating and disappointing by Fine Gael.
The Fine Gael parliamentary party had earlier passed a motion urging the leadership not to compromise on Irish Water in discussions with Fianna Fáil.
It is understood legislation prepared by Fianna Fáil to abolish Irish Water has been agreed by the party and is expected to be handed to Fine Gael within days.
The proposed legislation will suspend the charges for five years and abolish the utility in favour of a slimmed down firm.
Meanwhile, Mr Kenny and Minister for Finance Michael Noonan met with senior figures in the Labour party on Tuesday to secure their support for a Fine Gael minority Government.
The meeting, which was attended by Tánaiste Joan Burton, Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Brendan Howlin and Minister for the Environment Alan Kelly, took place in Government Buildings.
It is understood Mr Kenny and Mr Noonan encouraged Labour to re-enter Government but the Labour figures rejected the proposal.
Fine Gael also requested the party support them from the opposition benches.
The three Labour Ministers insisted they could make no decision until the outcome of discussions between Fine Gael and Fianna Fail were known.

International Tax officials plan to take action following the Panama Papers?

INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES MEET AT OECD TO DISCUSS RESPONSE TO CONTROVERSY

      
An activist clutching a suitcase (left picture) stuffed with fake money demands greater transparency in new legislation following the Panama Papers in Berlin, Germany.
Senior international tax officials met at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Wednesday to discuss responses to the Panama Papers.
Tax authorities are notoriously reluctant to share information, but the sheer scale of the Panama Papers – 11.5 million documents covering 210,000 companies in 21 offshore jurisdictions – has forced them to co-operate.
Nearly everything about the meeting was secret. The OECD would not reveal the number of participants, though press reports estimated that there were 28 officials in attendance.
The Irish Revenue Commissioners sent one or more representatives, but would not divulge numbers or identities.
“Some of the countries coming here do not even want their presence known,” said an informed source.
“If you’re doing an investigation, maybe there’s a big fish in a given country who feels personally threatened or at risk.
“You wouldn’t want to say, ‘Hey, we’re at the OECD getting the Panama Papers information.’”
The meeting was organised by the Joint International Tax Shelter Information and Collaboration (Jitsic) network.
The 46 countries who belong to the OECD’s Forum on Tax Administration are potential members of any Jitsic “project”.
They include the 34 members of the OECD, plus members of the G20 who are not in the club for the world’s most developed countries.
The number of participants in a given Jitsic “project” can range from two to 46.
“We are only aware of what has been reported in the press,” the OECD said, denying it had access to the Panama Papers.
Revenue authorities from at least 10 countries, including the State, have reportedly approached members of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in relation to the papers but were told: “The ICIJ is not an arm of law enforcement and is not an agent of the government.”
However, a source at the OECD insisted data-sharing had motivated the meeting.
“Somebody has the data. That’s the whole reason they had the meeting,” the source said.
The OECD’s one-page, post-meeting statement said it discussed “opportunites for obtaining data, co-operation and information-sharing.”
An G20 mandate?
The G20 gave the OECD a mandate to fight tax evasion in 2009.
It was subsequently invested with another mission, to thwart corporations shifting profits to avoid tax.
But the OECD is not privy to taxpayer specific information.
“If one of the Jitsic countries says, ‘Let me show you what we’ve got so far,’ that’s when OECD officials leave the room,” an OECD source explained.
Jitsic is headed by Chris Jordan, commissioner for the Australian tax office.
He says Jitsic members share “a global mindset for tackling tax evasion and aggressive tax avoidance”.
Mark Konza, head of international tax in Australia, chaired Wednesday’s meeting.
Mr Jordan told the Australian Financial Review that the objective of the meeting was “to get the bigger picture . . . A number of countries have got slices or pieces of the data and that’s been very useful, but really, the start of the conversation is to work out who’s got what, how we can pool that information and start to work together”.
The OECD said follow-up action will be ensured by national tax administrations.
“It will be devolved to more operational people in the Jitsic network,” Mr Jordan said. “It’s data analytics people we need.”
Meanwhile, the French finance minister Michel Sapin told a press conference the Panama Papers have prompted “a burst of generosity” amongst tax evaders, who are coming forward to the STDR, the service set up nearly three years ago by the French to encourage those with offshore accounts to confess and negotiate settlements.
A spokesperson at the Revenue Commissioners said it was not yet clear whether the Panama Papers will have a similar effect in the State.
“Our message is: ‘Come to us before we come to you, because we will,’” she said.

Acting Tánaiste Joan Burton wants to stay on as Labour Party leader

ACTING TÁNAISTE MAY FACE PARTY’S DEPUTY LEADER ALAN KELLY IN A LEADERSHIP CONTEST

     

THE DEMISE OF JOAN AS DEPICTED ABOVE?

The Tánaiste Joan Burton has told senior Labour Party figures she wants to stay on as party leader and has discussed a campaign to retain the leadership, even though many in the party believed she would step down.
Labour’s rules require a leadership election after an unsuccessful election and Ms Burton – who remains acting Tánaiste – said she would announce her intention after a government is formed.
The Irish Times has been told by usually reliable sources that they believe that Ms Burton and deputy leader Alan Kelly would both seek the post.
Extraordinarily, it is also suggested that Ms Burton and Mr Kelly may second each other’s nomination for the leadership, as neither is certain of attracting a seconder from the parliamentary party, as party rules require.
Several high-ranking party sources confirmed the prospect had been raised internally in recent days, though some played down the likelihood of an exchange of nomination papers. All expressed unhappiness at the idea.
Mr Kelly, Minister for the Environment, is thought certain to stand.
But if Ms Burton stood for the leadership it would take the party by surprise.
One nominee
Some senior Labour figures, including some members of the parliamentary party, favoured an agreement to have just one nominee with acting Minister for Public Expenditure Brendan Howlin going for the leadership, avoiding a protracted and potentially divisive election.
Ms Burton and Mr Kelly are thought to be vehemently opposed to a coronation for Mr Howlin.
A spokesman for Ms Burton said she had “consistently made clear that government formation remains the most important issue” and that all other issues “can be addressed once a new government is in place”.

New UK scanning project could lead to breakthroughs in spotting risk factors for most diseases

    

AN “EXCITING” NEW UK STUDY COULD UNLOCK INFORMATION ON RISK FACTORS FOR DISEASES, DETECT THE EARLIEST SIGNS OF ILLNESSES, AND HELP DEVELOP NEW KINDS OF TREATMENTS, EXPERTS HAVE SAID.

Scientists in Britain are hoping to create the world’s biggest collection of scans of internal organs.
Experts said the project will see 100,000 people scanned by MRI machines and other state-of-the-art imaging methods. And it could lead to “new breakthroughs faster”.
100,000 people will be scanned in machines like this MRI one (Bruce Adams/Daily Mail/PA)It’s hoped the research study could lead to findings on a par with the study that first linked smoking to lung cancer.
Studies using scans have in the past only used hundreds of participants. Having a new large database will expand the “scope and quality” of research, the chairman of the UK Biobank Imaging Expert Working Group said.
Professor Paul Matthews also said the “exciting” project will help scientists “view health holistically”.
Discovering a link between smoking and lung cancer was a huge breakthrough (Gareth Fuller/PA)He added: “This imaging is going to help us understand risk factors that could help prevent future diseases, just as the discovery between smoking and the link to lung cancers helped to change the entire prevalence of that disease in this country.
“We may also find out the earliest changes in diseases, discovering for example, markers for diseases like Alzheimer’s years before they ever happen to allow doctors in the future to think about treating people before the disease really starts to express itself.
“And maybe this kind of imaging could help us find new kinds of treatments.”
A radiographer views images on a computer from a new MRI scanner (Anna Gowthorpe/PA)Officials said the UK Biobank project – funded by the Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, and the British Heart Foundation – could transform the way scientists study a wide range of diseases. These include dementia, arthritis, cancer, heart attacks and strokes.
Experts will image the brain, heart, bones, carotid arteries and abdominal fat of 100,000 people who are current participants of UK Biobank – a research resource tracking half a million people across the UK.
The participants already provide detailed information on themselves, including their lifestyle, weight, height, diet, physical activity and cognitive function.

Inky the Octopus slips out of aquarium tank, crawls across floor and escapes down a pipe to his home in the Pacific ocean

     

INKY THE OCTOPUS, THE ESCAPEE FROM NEW ZEALAND’S NATIONAL AQUARIUM. INKY THE OCTOPUS DIDN’T EVEN TRY TO COVER HIS TRACKS.

By the time the staff at New Zealand’s National Aquarium noticed that he was missing, tell tale suction cup prints were the main clue to an easily solved mystery.
Inky had said see ya to his tank-mate, slipped through a gap left by maintenance workers at the top of his enclosure and, as evidenced by the tracks, made his way across the floor to a six-inch-wide drain. He squeezed his football-sized body in — octopuses are very malleable, aquarium manager Rob Yarrall told the New Zealand website Stuff — and made a break for the Pacific.
“He managed to make his way to one of the drain holes that go back to the ocean. And off he went,” Yarrall told Radio New Zealand. “And he didn’t even leave us a message.”
The cephalopod version of “Shawshank Redemption” took place three months ago, but it only became public Tuesday. Inky, who already had some local renown in the coastal city of Napier, quickly became a global celebrity cheered on by strangers.
Inky had resided at the aquarium since 2014, when he was taken in after being caught in a crayfish pot, his body scarred and his arms injured. The octopus’s name was chosen from nominations submitted to a contest run by the Napier City Council.
Kerry Hewitt, the aquarium’s curator of exhibits, said at the time that Inky was “getting used to being at the aquarium” but added that staff would “have to keep Inky amused or he will get bored.”
Guess that happened.
This isn’t the first time a captive octopus decided to take matters into its own hands — er, tentacles. In 2009, after a two-spotted octopus at the Santa Monica Pier Aquarium in California took apart a water recycling valve, directed a tube to shoot water out of the tank for 10 hours and caused a massive flood, Scientific American asked octopus expert Jennifer Mather about the animals’ intelligence and previous such hijinks at aquariums.
“They are very strong, and it is practically impossible to keep an octopus in a tank unless you are very lucky. … Octopuses simply take things apart,” Mather said. “I recall reading about someone who had built a robot submarine to putter around in a large aquarium tank. The octopus got a hold of it and took it apart piece by piece. There’s a famous story from the Brighton Aquarium in England 100 years ago that an octopus there got out of its tank at night when no one was watching, went to the tank next door and ate one of the lumpfish and went back to his own tank and was sitting there the next morning.”
Yarrall said the aquarium has no plans to replace Inky, but it does intend to better secure the tank where now just one octopus remains.
“They are always exploring and they are great escape artists,” Yarrall said, according to Hawke’s Bay Today. “We’ll be watching the other one.”    

Wednesday, March 16, 2016

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG update

Fine Gael waiting on Fianna Fáil to see if they are serious or just tactical on forming a Government

IT SEEMS INEVITABLE THAT THE TWO BIG PARTIES WILL HAVE TO TALK TO ONE ANOTHER

      
Micheál Martin TD, leader of Fianna Fáil, and acting Taoiseach Enda Kenny, leader of Fine Gael.
“The music has started, but nobody wants to dance yet,” was the verdict of one senior Fine Gael figure on the process of government formation that has been stuttering into life over the past 10 days and will continue this week in a quiet Leinster House.
All sides say the process will eventually move to a more decisive phase; all agree that it’s not there yet.
Everyone says a government will be formed eventually, but they do not know who will do it, or how.
Ultimately, it seems inevitable Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael will have to talk to one another – if not about a grand coalition, then about the conditions under which a minority government led by either party would function.
Neither side – especially Fianna Fáil – is ready for that stage yet.
But politics, like nature, abhors a vacuum. And so a process of talks between both parties and the Independents and smaller parties will recommence in Leinster House today to explore common policy positions, to build relationships, and – frankly – to give people something to do, and something to talk about.
But even those who are engaged in the process know it is unlikely to be decisive, one way or another.
One Fine Gael Minister insists he and his colleagues are trying to win votes for Enda Kenny to be elected Taoiseach and the more common ground his party can establish with Independents and small parties, the greater the chance that Kenny can put together a minority administration.
But equally, he acknowledges Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael will have to strike some agreement if a minority administration is feasible. Jobs Minister Richard Bruton acknowledged the same thing on Monday.
Crucially, the Dáil numbers say the same thing. The formation of a Coalition is a process whose parameters are defined in the first instance by the numbers.
Fianna Fáil’s 43 votes (44 minus Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Feargháil) and Fine Gael’s 51 votes (50 plus Michael Lowry) are so far away from a bare Dáil majority of 79 that, even if this week’s talks with Independents and small parties were to deliver all the votes around the table for either Micheal Martin or Enda Kenny, the two men would still need to talk to one another.
One Independent TD who is not part of the talks summed up this mathematical fact succinctly when asked about his fellow Independents’ contacts with the two big parties: “Sure there’s not enough of them.”
All of this means the talks in Leinster House this week take place in a somewhat unreal atmosphere. The big parties have so far been solicitous, but noncommittal. That will probably continue.
“I thought that at this stage we would be down to concrete things – we need this done in six months, and that legislation passed, and so on. But we’re nowhere near that,” says one Independent participant. “The lack of a sense of urgency from both parties is striking.”
Another participant says the engagement on policy issues with the Fine Gael representatives has been very good. “But I don’t think they’re really trying to get our votes on April 6th.”
That process is unlikely to happen until after the Dáil meets on April 6th, and fails once again to elect a Taoiseach, as all sides expect.
The process will then enter a new and — perhaps more urgent – phase.
At that stage, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael will probably have to be a bit clearer on their intentions.
Right now Fine Gael is waiting to see if Fianna Fáil is serious or merely tactical in ruling out a grand coalition. One senior party source summarises the current approach. “Be nice to Fianna Fáil. Let them get this, ‘we won the election’ stuff out of their system. And then we’ll talk to them in a month.”

Irish employees are the fourth happiest in the world  “A new study states”

DUBLIN WORKERS RANK AS THE HAPPIEST IN EUROPE AS COLOMBIA TOPS THE GLOBAL LIST

    

DUBLIN CAME TOP FOR EMPLOYEE HAPPINESS IN EUROPE, BEATING LONDON, STOCKHOLM, ROME AND MADRID.

Irish employees are among the happiest in the world, according to a new survey which ranks Ireland fourth place globally and Dublin coming first among cities in Europe.
The survey of 35 countries ranks Colombia top for job happiness, followed by Mexico, Russia and Ireland. China is in last place.
Dublin came top for employee happiness in Europe, beating London, Stockholm, Rome and Madrid.
The study, conducted by recruitment website Indeed. com, shows that demographic appear to impact on performance with countries that have more older employees among the unhappiest.
Japan, where the median age in 45, ranked 26th in the survey, while Germany, with a median age of 46, came in 27th place. Ireland’s median age is 36 years, while the overall winner, Colombia, had a median age of just 28.
The top ranking jobs for happiness in Ireland included carpenter, builder, secretary and childcare assistant.
“Those concerned about the prospects of Ireland continuing to attract foreign direct investment should be reassured by the findings of the index, which indicate that Ireland has the happiest workforce in Europe which is an attractive feature for any company looking at setting up here,” said Mariano Mamertino, an economist working for Indeed.
The study was based on an analysis of five different elements contributing to job happiness, namely: work-life balance, quality of management, office culture, job security and advancement, and compensation and benefits.

Irish teens some of the least able to talk to parents about problems that bother them

     

IRISH TEENAGERS ARE AMONG THE LEAST ABLE TO TALK TO THEIR PARENTS ABOUT PROBLEMS THAT INTEREST OR BOTHER THEM AND MANY FEEL THEY DO NOT HAVE HIGH LEVELS OF FAMILY SUPPORT.

Research by the World Health Organisation (WHO) found just 42% of Irish 11-year-olds, 33% of 13-year-olds, and 23% of 15-year-olds enjoyed a high quality of communication within their family.
The study of 42 countries and regions, including EU member states, places Ireland fourth from bottom in terms of young people feeling high levels of family support, with the only notable exception being that girls tend to feel more supported the more affluent their family.
It says the number of Irish children having family meals is below average, with 54% of 11-year-olds having dinner daily with one or both parents, falling to 49% for the 13-year-olds and 42% of the 15-year-olds. At breakfast, the rate falls further to 31% at age 11; 19% at age 13; and just 13% at age 15.
The study is the latest in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) research project, which is updated every four years.
It questioned more than 219,000 children aged 11,13, and 15 years, including 4,000 from Ireland, on a range of health-related subjects including diet, exercise, mood, social media use, smoking, drinking, and sex, and analysed the results for trends relating to age, gender, and family wealth.
Ireland was ranked 15th out of the 42 countries for family affluence and had one of the highest proportions of non-nationals among the interview group with 69% of the children being Irish-born to Irish parents; 17% Irish-born to one or two non-Irish parents; and 14% being first-generation immigrants who were born abroad.
The group had one of the highest rates of traditional family type, with 77% of the children living with both parents; 16% living with a single parent; and 6% living in a stepfamily.
They were among the most active texters, but had below-average daily computer use and gaming time. However, they also reported suffering some of the highest levels of cyberbullying.
The proportion classed as overweight or obese was about average: 17% of 11-year-olds, 14% of 13-year-olds, and 15% of 15-year-olds.
There was a marked decrease in mental wellbeing the older the children were, with 16% of 11-year-olds reporting having trouble sleeping more than once a week, rising to 28% at age 15.
At age 11, 10% reported feeling nervous more than once a week. This also rose to 28% by age 15, and while 6% of 11-year-olds said they felt low at least once a week, the same was true for 23% of 15-year-olds.
The Irish group ranked average for exercise levels, better than average for daily vegetable consumption, and below average for alcohol intake and smoking.
Researchers from the Health Promotion Research Centre at NUI Galway were among the international team compiling the study, which will be published in full today.
The team said many patterns of behaviour established during adolescence would continue through adult life so it was essential for policymakers to know how to cultivate good habits and understand how gender, age, and affluence influenced outcomes.
“Increased attention to, and more investment in, programmes that support positive parenting during adolescence are necessary,” said the team.

Sligo-Fest celebrates it’s 15 years of Irish tradition

FESTIVAL IS ON NEXT SATURDAY 19TH @ 11 A.M.

    
Sligo-Fest began in 2001 and in the past 15 years has grown to a St. Patrick’s Day tradition in Sligo and surrounding areas. Hundreds of people attend each year to enjoy Irish fare, crafts, music and fellowship.
In 2001, the old Sligo School, which the community uses as a multi-purpose building, was in need of repair. Sligo United Methodist Church, which stands adjacent to the school, was also in need of repair and funds were limited. A fundraising project was born.
“Since Sligo originated from the Sligo Furnace Company from Sligo, Ireland, we took the theme of St. Patrick’s Day. Starting with 50 pounds of corn beef and 10 pounds of cabbage, we prayed that people would show up and help us,” said Vivian Fritzinger, a longtime organizer and volunteer.
The first year saw about 50 people attend. It took two additional years to raise enough money to begin work on the buildings.
The rest is history, as each year more and more people return to SligoFest. The group now prepares 200 pounds of corn beef, on average, for about 300 people. Craft booths and entertainment line the area between the two buildings. Featured musicians are Kathy Summers, of Bourbon, and her old time country, gospel, and bluegrass fiddle music; and John Ross and Ross Reed, known as Ross and Ross, who provide a variety of guitar and trombone music.
With the help of some of the men in the community and the church, funds raised from the annual event have been used for a variety of projects, including remodeling the kitchen into a nice, workable area to accommodate the large menu each year.
About six years ago, Gavin Walsh, Sligo, Ireland, began writing a book on the Sligos in the U.S. About 12 or 13 were present, with some no longer called Sligo. Walsh has attended three SligoFests and hopes to be present for the 15th anniversary this year.
“Aside from the food and crafts and music SligoFest is a time for everyone to enjoy some of the history of Sligo. The school walls have pictures of the history of Sligo Furnace Company and many of the visitors have come to SligoFest as a homecoming,” said Fritzinger.
The event is held 18 miles north of Salem, off Highway 19. Turn on Hwy. TT and follow the signs. Music and craft booths begin at 11 a.m. Saturday and the meal is served from noon until 4 p.m., or until the food is gone. On the menu is corned beef and cabbage, Reuben sandwiches, and desserts.
“SligoFest has weathered many changes over the years and we have swept snow off the porch and people have graciously come. Last year there was the fear of high water and I spent the night on the west side of the creek so that I could be there to help in the morning. This year the 100 Acre Wood Road Rally will be out our way, and we invite everyone to enjoy the rally then come and visit SligoFest,” said Fritzinger.

Oldest known Neanderthal DNA reveals clues to their origins

      
Researchers have sequenced the oldest Neanderthal DNA yet discovered, adding another layer of complexity to an emerging understanding of these ancient humans.The oldest Neanderthal DNA yet has been extracted and studied, highlighting the shift among anthropologists away from seeing Neanderthals as primitive humans.
The DNA comes from 28 individuals found inside a Spanish cave, which anthropologists believe is home to a 400,000-year-old burial site. The researchers’ findings from the site, called Sima de los Huesos,appeared Monday in the journal Nature.
“Sima de los Huesos is currently the only non-permafrost site that allow[s] us to study DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene, the time period preceding 125,000 years ago,” Matthias Meyer of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and lead author said in a press release.
Dr. Meyer praised the care taken in removing the samples from the cave, as technology had not yet advanced sufficiently for the limited DNA to be sequenced. The analysis of their mitochondrial DNA, obtained from a tooth, shoulder blade, and femur, revealed a relationship between the individuals and the Denisovans, an extinct Neanderthal group in Asia, wrote Ewen Callaway in an accompanying commentary.
“It’s fascinating and keeps us all on our toes trying to make sense of it all,” Chris Stringer, a palaeoanthropologist at the Natural History Museum in London, told Nature. “Instead of just being stuck with trying to resolve the last 100,000 years, we can really start to put some dates from DNA further down the human tree.”
The study sheds light on where different lineages may have diverged – and how long ago such divergences may have occurred.
“DNA sequences of the [Sima de los Huesos] hominins diverged more than twice as far back along the lineage from the Altai Neanderthal genome to its ancestor shared with the Denisovan genome than DNA sequences of the Late Pleistocene Neanderthals from Europe and the Caucasus,” according to the study.
This study deepens understanding of Neanderthal history, but it also comes amid a growing shift in anthropological thought. A series of such finds are leading scientists to reject their original view that Neanderthals were very primitive ancestral humans.
“The evidence for cognitive inferiority is simply not there,” Paola Villa, Colorado University-Boulder researcher and co-author of a 2014 paper on the cognitive abilities of Neanderthals, said in a press release. “What we are saying is that the conventional view of Neanderthals is not true.”
Anthropologists are shifting our popular stereotype of an underdeveloped, even crass, Neanderthal as they discover more about these ancient humans’ capabilities, Sudeshna Chowdhury wrote for The Christian Science Monitor:
Microfossils found in their teeth show that Neanderthals had a diverse diet that included aquatic foods, small and fast game such as birds and rabbits, date palms, and grass seeds.
Recent information available on “Neandertal use of ochre and manganese as well as on Neandertal production of pitch, the presence of transported and ochre-smeared shells, of ornaments such as eagle claws and perhaps bird feathers,” goes to show that they had cultural rituals.
The earliest efforts to sequence the Neanderthal genome concluded in 2010 and suggested, as The Christian Science Monitor’s Pete Spotts wrote, “We have met Neanderthals, and they are us – or about 1 to 4 percent of each of us.” The genome, then only 60 percent complete, provided evidence that Neanderthals mated with human ancestors, thus preserving parts of the same genome that researchers found in a state of ancient preservation in Sima de los Huesos, Spain.
Since then, scientists have suggested that Neanderthals’ intelligence led them to create art. Controversial evidence emerged in 2012 that paintings in another Spanish cave were too old to be the product of ancient Homo sapiens, Seth Borenstein wrote for the Associated Press. Although conflict exists among researchers, Neanderthals may have even created sculpture.
Such paintings are “one of the most exquisite examples of human symbolic behavior,” Joao Zilhao, an anthropologist at the University of Barcelona, told the AP. “And that, that’s what makes us human.”