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Showing posts with label sleep apnoea. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sleep apnoea. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 7, 2014

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Irish Central Bank proposes new mortgage lending restrictions (Ie loan-to-income (LTI) ratios)

  

The Central Bank says it’s very appropriate to bring in limits on new mortgage lending

The Central Bank has proposed new restrictions on how much banks can lend to home buyers in an effort to reduce the risk of a new property bubble forming as prices recover rapidly from the property crash.
The bank said it was appropriate to bring in limits on new lending at high loan-to-value (LTV) or loan-to-income (LTI) ratios as house prices in Dublin jumped by 25% in the year to August.
Today’s proposed measures will require banks to restrict lending above 80% of the value of a home to no more than 15% of the aggregate value of all housing loans.
They will also restrict lending above three and a half times the borrower’s income to no more than 20% of that aggregate value.
The proposals are contained in a consultation paper and banks have until December 8 to respond to them.
Today’s measures also include a lower threshold for buy-to-let properties. They require banks to limit loans of over 70% of the value of investment properties to 10% of all buy-to-let loans.
The head of financial regulation at the Central Bank, Cyril Roux, said there was concern that the market was getting back to a place where some borrowers were taking out loans where their ability to repay was tenuous.
“These measures have been carefully considered and, taking past experience into account, are being introduced at an appropriate time to ensure borrowers and lenders can withstand potential economic or property market shocks in the future without financial distress,” Mr Roux said.
Mr Roux said the new measures are not intended to replace lenders’ own risk management practices, but rather they should reinforce and strengthen the existing risk mitigation practices used to ensure prudent lending.
Stefan Gerlach, the Central Bank’s deputy director, said the measures were not aimed at limiting or steering prices but would probably have an impact on the pace of price increases.
He said the main objective of the new measures is to increase the resilience of the banking and household sectors to the property market.

Minister Fergus O’Dowd who set up Irish Water now brands it a disaster

COALITION TD SAYS ‘UNCARING’ AGENCY IS AN ABJECT FAILURE

  
The former Minister who helped establish Irish Water has criticised the company’s approach to introducing water charges, describing it as “an unmitigated disaster”.
Ex-junior environment minister Fergus O’Dowd, who developed the legislation which set up the utility, said it had “abjectly failed” in selling its message to consumers.
In an unprecedented attack from a Government TD, Mr O’Dowd said: “Irish Water has come across as arrogant and uncaring, demanding money and demanding PPS numbers without properly explaining why all of this is necessary.”
He also spoke of his fears that it was becoming “another cosseted quango with a bonus culture” and his belief that disadvantaged groups are faced with having to pay more for water than they should.
The criticism couldn’t have come at a worse time for the Government as it faces into two by-elections on Friday.
Water charges are proving to be a key election issue in Dublin South West, while water quality is a huge cause of concern in the Roscommon-South Leitrim constituency, where 21,000 people are living with boil water notices.
Minister examining proposals to bring Irish Water under the Ombudsman’s remit
Mr. O’Dowd, who lost his ministry in the Government reshuffle during the summer, made the comments in a piece for today’s Irish Independent.
Asked what actions he had taken over his concerns, Mr O’Dowd said he had raised them with department officials and the then environment minister, Phil Hogan, who is now the designate EU Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development.
Mr O’Dowd’s involvement with the utility company ended after he steered the legislation setting it up through the Oireachtas. Ministerial responsibility was taken by Mr Hogan at that point.
He said he had asked Mr Hogan for more responsibility, but this was not given to him.
Mr O’Dowd said the new company had been its own worst enemy and would not be facing as much resistance if it had adopted a better communications strategy.
“I warned the department at a high level meeting that it was going to be an unmitigated disaster if there was not enough engagement with the public and that has proven to be the case,” he said.
The former minister refused to apportion individual blame for the shortcomings he identified.
“This is not about personalities,” he told the Irish Independent. “It is about bringing about real change in Irish Water. This organisation has to change its ways right now and listen to the people.”
Mr O’Dowd said people felt “angry and intimidated” after receiving their sign up packs in the post, requesting copies of PPS numbers.
He said it was clear there was “an intense dislike of the whole process”.
An information campaign focusing on the positives the company can bring in terms of water conservation and the environment would have been much preferable to the approach it has adopted, he said.
The former minister called for the introduction of new board members with a consumer advocacy background.
He said there should be a widening of exemptions as unemployed people were telling him they simply could not afford the charges.
Mr O’Dowd also said he only became aware that staff at the company would be entitled to bonuses when it was disclosed at an Oireachtas committee in January. He said he believed the practice should be scrapped.
Irish Water managing director John Tierney disclosed at the time that staff were in line for performance related bonus payments averaging €7,000 under a model it adopted from its parent company Bord Gais.

IT IS UNDERSTOOD NO BONUSES HAVE BEEN PAID TO DATE.

However, the company would find it difficult to deny staff bonuses they were contractually entitled to.
Mr O’Dowd has previously said he was not made aware of €50m worth of consultancy contracts awarded by the new company when it was being set up.
Mr Hogan also said he was unaware of these payments when details emerged last January and expressed concern about them at the time.
Documents uncovered in recent weeks suggest he was informed of allocations in December 2012.
However, Mr Hogan last week dismissed accusations he “misled” the public and defended the costs involved, saying the setting up of a new system costs money.
Irish Water has urged householders not to ignore the information packs it has sent out.
Families who refuse to register and provide information could be hit with bills twice what they would normally pay.
This is because each household which fails to provide details will lose free allowances.
A four-person family with two children is expected to use 129,000 litres of water a year, but would be entitled to a free allowance of 72,000 litres, leaving a bill of around €278-a-year.
Irish Water will not be able to turn off the supply of customers who refuse to pay.
However, it can bring people to court to recover debts.
The company is proposing to invest €1.77bn as part of its capital investment programme up to 2016.

Irish Economy to grow by 6%, says Ibec

 

The business lobby group Ibec has almost doubled its growth forecast for this year to 6.1% on the back of positive data across the economy.

The group had originally forecast GDP growth of 3.1% for 2014, and also hiked its projections for next year to 4.5% from 3.9%.
It predicted exports will grow at their fastest pace since the turn of the century and said business sentiment remains high, with companies displaying strong faith in the recovery.
Ibec economist Fergal O’Brien said the economy was recovering much faster than many had expected.

ECONOMIES

“Importantly, growth is coming from a broad range of sources, with domestic demand and trade contributing strongly,” Mr O’Brien said.
“Ireland is set to be one of the world’s best-performing developed economies this year,” he added.
Ibec reiterated its call for income tax cuts in next week’s budget, saying there was no need for any further austerity.
But it said that despite the strong growth figures, Ireland remains about 3.5% below its peak in terms of volume levels. It said exports would grow by more than 12% this year – the strongest growth since 2000.
There’ll be similar trends in imports, which will rise 11%, the lobby group said.
With confidence among companies remaining strong, Ibec said it expects investment growth this year and next of 14.3% and 13.8% respectively.
Employment numbers will return to early 2009 levels by next year, it predicted.
“Ireland is firmly on the way back and this gives the Government options on Budget day. Recent tax hikes have pushed our marginal tax rate, at 52%, way out of line with our international competitors,” Mr O’Brien said.

Sleep apnoea sufferers are seven times more likely to fall asleep at wheel

 

A survey shows one in 10 Irish motorists have fallen asleep at the wheel at some point in the past.

Prof Walter McNicholas told a road safety conference today that short rests should not be seen as a cure for tiredness but as a temporary relief.
People who suffer from sleep apnoea (a condition in which breathing is disrupted during sleep) are seven times more likely to fall asleep while driving, road safety experts warned today.
With 146 people killed on the country’s roads so far this year – just one below the death toll in the same period last year – motorists are being cautioned about the impact the condition and tiredness can have on the risk of collisions.
The Road Safety Authority (RSA) revealed statistics on how lack of sleep can lead to deaths on the roads, with fatigue believed to be a factor in one- fifth of all collisions.
Prof Walter McNicholas, director of the pulmonary and sleep disorders unit at St Vincent’s University Hospital, said short rests should not be seen as a cure for tiredness, but as a temporary relief.
“Untreated sleep apnoea is associated with high levels of sleepiness, which makes driving incredibly dangerous,” he said .
“When treated effectively, sleep apnoea is incredibly manageable, so awareness of the signs and early diagnosis is key.”
In a presentation at the RSA annual safety lecture, the professor said a 15 to 20-minute sleep will only revive a driver for up to an hour.
Prof McNicholas said evidence from research into the cause of road crashes shows, on average, a fifth to a quarter of all motorway crashes are due to excessive sleepiness.
The RSA said a survey of driver attitudes and behaviour carried out last year which showed that as many as one in 10 Irish motorists admitted they have fallen asleep at the wheel at some point.
The authority said the road death toll this year is currently almost as high as last year, when the number of accidents led to the first increase in road deaths since 2005.
Minister for Transport Paschal Donohoe said: “Sadly we have seen worryingly high deaths on our roads so far again this year, almost on a par with last year.”
“But if we have learned anything from the previous few years, it’s that we can all make real changes to improve road safety. So this week, consider what you can do to make our roads safe.”

How to Watch Tonight’s ‘Blood Moon’ Total Lunar Eclipse

  
This year has been filled with a lot of big events: a satellite landed on a friggin’ comet, Apple released a giant friggin’ iPhone, and George friggin’ Clooney finally got friggin’ married! 2014 was also a year in which there was not one but two total lunar eclipses visible from North America—the second of which will take place later tonight (or very early tomorrow morning, depending on where you are).
Those in the middle of the Pacific Ocean will have the best view, but U.S. readers in the contiguous 48 states will have tickets to the show as well, though at far less convenient start times.
The action will begin for West Coast skywatchers at 1:17 a.m. PT and the whole process will have run its course by 6:32 a.m. On the East Coast, the events won’t begin until 4:17 a.m. ET, but the process will barely have kicked into high gear before the scheduled 7:01 moonset. While they won’t get to see the finale, viewers on the East Coast (with a clear view of the horizon) will have the unique opportunity to watch an eclipsing moon setting below the horizon, which should be a treat in and of itself.
Unlike fainter astronomical events such as meteor showers, viewers in urban areas will be able to watch the whole event without leaving town—if you can see the full moon under normal conditions, you will be able to see a lunar eclipse. Those on the East Coat, however, should keep in mind that they will want to have as clear a view of the western horizon as possible.
The only thing that will hinder most people in the eclipse-viewing area from catching the show is cloud cover. If nature isn’t cooperating in your location, you can follow online with crowdsourced astronomical team Slooh’s live eclipse coverage, which is embedded below. Additionally, NASA will offer a livestream of the eclipse on its Ustream page, which will include a live Web chat beginning at 3 a.m. ET to answer any questions.

BLOOD MOONS AREN’T REALLY A THING

A total eclipse is what happens when the moon dives into the darkest part of the Earth’s shadow or umbra. When this happens, the moon doesn’t simply fade into the dark sky, but rather it slowly transitions from bright white into a deep reddish-orange hue.
This reddening is the result of sunlight refracting through the Earth’s atmosphere. Usually the direct light from the sun “washes” out this refracted light, but during a lunar eclipse this refracted red light is the only thing illuminating the lunar surface and thus is why the moon appears to turn red.
You may have seen many in the media dubbing tonight’s event a “blood moon,” just as they did with eclipse in April. Let’s get something clear: This term doesn’t have any actual astronomical significance—all total lunar eclipses turn a deep blood reddish hue. This happens during ev-er-y eclipse. But the phrase “blood moon” sounds spooky and has recently been co-opted by the fire-and-brimstone crowd so, we’re kind of stuck with this meaningless nothing-phrase.
But unlike April’s eclipse, tonight’s “blood moon” will occur directly after the moon’s perigee, or the closest point in its orbit around the Earth, which means that the moon will appear similar in size to the so-called “supermoon.” In fact, according to CNN, tonight’s lunar eclipse will appear 5.3 percent larger than the one back in April.
There are usually around two lunar eclipses per year, but they’re not visible to all parts of the Earth. According to Slooh’s astronomy team, North America won’t get to see two total lunar eclipses in the same year until 2022. That’s another two presidential administrations away!
If you do miss tonight’s events for some reason (sleep, for example), don’t worry, there will be another, more conveniently timed, total lunar eclipse visible from North America in September 2015.

Cannibal spiders are unleashed

TUBE SPIDER FILMED CATCHING AND EATING SMALLER SPIDER

  
This one involves a massive spider eating one of his smaller eight legged friends.
The fearsome tube spiders, which sport green fangs they use to devour their enemies, have been spotted several times throughout the UK over the past few months.
Mike Rance was filming one of the giant beasts in his friend’s house in Newport, Wales when he caught it pouncing on one of its fellow arachnids and eating the poor thing alive.
‘We then tried [feeding it] a normal sized spider but it didn’t want to know,’ the 41-year-old said. ‘They only seemed to want to eat smaller ones, I guess they must be easier prey.’
The tube spider darts and and catches its prey with its fangs (Picture: Caters)
Rather than follow the logical course of action and burning the house down before moving to Antarctica, Mike caught the spider and passed it onto a vet, who confirmed it was in fact a tube spider, the bite of which cause excruciating pain for up to six hours.
Mike also found that a neighbour of his friend had a nest containing ‘about 30 or 40 in his back garden’.
Tube spiders, which first came to the UK 150 years ago but have recently seen their numbers grow, typically hide during the day before sneaking out at night looking for food.  

Wednesday, August 6, 2014

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG update

Ireland’s Tax revenue running at €548m ahead of target

 

Latest exchequer numbers provide more proof of economic recovery, says Noonan. 

Minister for Finance Michael Noonan: If this pattern continues in the second half of the year the Budget adjustment will be somewhat less than the €2 billion originally planned.
Tax revenue for the first seven months of the year is now half a billion euro ahead of target, according to the latest exchequer returns.
The stronger-than-expected performance, if maintained until the Budget in October, should give Minister for Finance Michael Noonan greater scope for tax breaks.
The figures show total tax revenue stood at €22.4 billion at the end of the July, a 6.4% increase on the same period last year, and €548 million or 2.5% ahead of the department’s target.
Income tax, which is the biggest tax heading, generated €9.2 billion, was 7.6% up on last year, and €54 million or 0.6% ahead of profile for the period.
The higher income tax receipts reflected the greater number of people at work this year compared to last.
The figures show VAT, which reflects consumer spending, was also ahead of expectations.
The sales tax brought in €7.1 billion, which was 7.2% up on last year, and €242 million or 3.4% better than originally forecast.
Corporation tax receipts came in at €2.1 billion, 3.4% ahead of profile, while excise duty was €2.8 billion, which was 5% ahead of projections.
Overall, the exchequer deficit stood at €5.2 billion at the end of July, up marginally from €5.1 billion at this stage last year.
However, when the once off transactions, such as the sale of Irish life and the offload of so-called contingent convertible capital bonds in Bank of Ireland are excluded, the deficit this year has improved by €2.3 billion when compared to last year.
“The Exchequer returns for the first seven months of 2014 show a strong performance in terms of both tax and expenditure. Cumulative tax receipts are up €1.3 billion compared to the same period in 2013. This is further evidence that the recovery is taking hold across the economy,” Mr Noonan said.
“If this pattern continues in the second half of the year the Budget adjustment will be somewhat less than the €2 Billion originally planned,” he said.
On the spending side, the July figures show total net voted expenditure of €24.2 billion, which is €172 million, or 0.7%, down on the same period last year, and €73 million less than forecast.
However, current expenditure is still running ahead of budget, primarily because of a €273 million or 3.9% overrun in health.
Net voted current expenditure at €23,071 million is 0.1% or €24 million above profile. This is driven by overspends in the Health Group which is €273 million (3.9%) over profile.
This is being partially offset by under spends in several other departments, most notably social protection where spending is €121 million lower than profile.
On the basis of these figures, the Government is comfortably on course to hit its budget deficit target for 2014 of 4.8% of gross domestic product.
The cost of serving the national debt to the exchequer was €5.1 billion so far this year, a decrease of €45 million or 0.9% on last year. The reduction was largely down to timing factors, the department said.

How erratic work “Shift work eg.” schedules can impact on your health

 

Shift work, night work, changing routines all of them come at a huge cost to your health and fertility, 

Being paid extra money for working the ‘graveyard’ shift may help pay the bills but it comes at huge cost to your health, an increasing body of research shows.
Erratic work schedules that disturb a person’s body clock — known as the circadian rhythm — can increase the risk of contracting deadly diseases like cancer and diabetes.
The latest study to add to the growing evidence of serious health implications finds that working overnight or different shifts is associated with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes.
The highest risk was linked to rotating shifts, where different parts of a 24-hour shift cycle are worked, rather than a fixed pattern.
In their analysis, published in the British Medical Journal, researchers found that working rotating shifts, rather than consistent work hours, was associated with a 42% increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Overall, they concluded that people working unconventional schedules may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by an average of 9%. For men, that risk increases to 37%.
“Some potential biological mechanisms may explain the link between shift work and diabetes,” the researchers write in their study.
“First, shift work may interfere with the normal synchrony of the light/dark cycle, sleeping and eating patterns, which might cause a mismatch of circadian rhythms.”
The researchers say shift work may put men at greater risk of diabetes because levels of the male sex hormone, testosterone, are controlled by the body’s natural circadian rhythm. Lower testosterone can cause insulin resistance and therefore raise the risk of the disease.
“The result suggests that male shift workers should pay more attention to the prevention of diabetes,” say the researchers. “Rotating shifts are especially detrimental to one’s health because inconsistent work schedules also mean erratic sleep and therefore an inconsistent sleep-wake cycle, which is associated with insulin resistance.”
The meta-analysis is based on data from 12 previously published studies involving more than 226,600 adults. Among that number, 14,600 study participants were confirmed to have type 2 diabetes.
Other studies have linked shift work to a number of other serious health problems.
Last year, researchers in Canada found that women who work nights for more than 30 years may be at a higher risk of breast cancer than other women.
The study, also published in the British Medical Journal, analysed the careers of 1,134 women with breast cancer and 1,179 women without the disease. Late night and rotating shift work can have a serious impact on women’s health, particularly her fertility. A study last year, involving 119,000 women, found female shift workers had a 22% greater risk for menstrual problems and as much as 80% higher risk for low fertility than women who kept normal work hours.
Expectant mothers who worked at night also experienced higher rates of miscarriages, researchers at the University of Southampton found.
In a 2012 study, men who work nights were found to be almost three times more likely to develop prostate cancer than those who do day shifts. They are also at much greater risk of a number of other types of cancer, with higher rates of tumours in the bowel, bladder and lungs.

10% of Ireland’s motorists observed using phone a behind the wheel driving

 

Men account for 63% of those caught making calls while driving their vehicle.
One in 10 (10%) of Irish motorists continued to use hand-held phones in the last two weeks of July ahead of new rules which saw penalty points increase for drivers caught using their phone while driving.
One in 10 Irish motorists continued to use hand-held phones in the last two weeks of July ahead of new rules which saw penalty points increase for drivers caught using their phone while driving.
The research commissioned by Easytrip observed more than 1,000 drivers on motorways and other major roads, more than 10% of whom were observed talking or texting while driving, in traffic or stopped at traffic lights.
Men were more likely than women to do so, with men making up 63% of those who were observed using their phone while behind the wheel.
From August 1st, penalty points for holding a mobile phone while driving increased from two points to three, provided that a €60 fixed charge is paid within the stipulated period.
Those who do not pay the fixed charge and are subsequently convicted in court will now receive five penalty points, where in the past they would have received four.

Heavy snorers are a ticking time bomb

 

Sleep apnoea is linked to a number of life-threatening illnesses, but there is help at hand.

Sleep apnoea is linked to a number of life-threatening illnesses.
We tend to think of snoring as one of life’s everyday irritants, on a par with noisy neighbours or a kettle that won’t switch off when boiled. In fact, snoring can indicate seriously underlying health issues, which, if left untreated, may jeopardise our well-being and, in severe cases, our life.
Research has shown snoring is bad for us in many ways. It can impact on our sex lives (by impairing the libido) and is known to lead to a greater risk of birth complications among pregnant woman.

SLEEP APNOEA IS LINKED TO A NUMBER OF LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESSES

Needless to say the chances of a good night’s sleep are far lower too. Most serious of all, snoring is linked to sleep apnoea, a condition whereby the sufferer stops breathing in their sleep multiple times during the night.
Obviously this reduces the quality of the individual’s repose so that, following a ‘good’ night’s rest, they may be left feeling lethargic and sleep-deprived.
More ominously, it is associated with heart disease and other life-threatening conditions – studies have shown those with this sleep disorder have a 40% higher chance of dying at a relatively young age.
“90% of snorers are ‘simple snorers’,” says Professor Yves Kamami, a leading global expert in the condition, based at the Fitzwilliam Private Clinic in Dublin.
“However, if you don’t treat the snorers after a few years, it starts to become sleep apnoea syndrome. The patient stops breathing during the night – there is an obstruction at the back of the throat and nose.
“Because of the obstruction, there is a lack of oxygen going to the brain. So the patient is suffering from apoxia [oxygen deficiency in the blood]. This can lead to strokes and other major things.”
There is more than one kind of sleep apnoea. The most common are obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSO). In the first – the more regularly occurring of the two – the airway is blocked, typically by the soft tissue at the back of the throat after it has collapsed during sleep (if you stop breathing 10 or more times in an hour, a person is categorized as suffering obstructive sleep apnoea).
In the latter, the airway remains clear. However, problems in the part of the brain controlling respiration have resulted in a failure to signal the breathing muscles.
Anyone can suffer apnoea, including children. That said, men over 40 are at highest risk, especially if overweight, have large tonsils, a large tongue, small jaw bone or a large neck (a circumference of 17 inches or above for men, 16 inches for women).
“When someone has a snoring problem, usually after a few years it leads to sleep apnoea syndrome,” says Prof Kamami.
Sleep anea can be treated by wearing a CPAP machine that aids breathing in order to prevent a blockage in the throat, right
“The patient stops breathing during the night due to an obstruction at the back of the throat and the nose. Because of the obstruction there is a lack of oxygen in the brain. Someone who has sleep apnoea or snoring does not have a restful night’s sleep. They may suffer tiredness in the morning. With each passing year an ever greater number of ailments are linked to apnoea,” he says.
“Glaucoma of the eyes is caused by sleep apnoea,” says Prof Kamami. “We have diabetes caused by sleep apnoea. Year after year we are seeing that sleep apnoea syndrome is causing many more diseases.”
The risk of developing the condition increases with age he says.
“Men start to snore at about 40, women at about 50. The main reason is lack of hormones in the blood. As the levels of hormones decrease, the aging of the body is quicker.
“That leads to obstruction at the back of the throat because the uvula in the soft palate [a fleshy extension of the palate] is longer and thicker than before.”
Sleep apnoea is treatable in a number of ways. Sometimes the sufferer merely needs to change their lifestyle. It is recommended they give up alcohol after 6pm as this can make it more difficult for the throat to stay open in sleep. Losing weight can help too.
The most common treatment is a continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP), which blows air into the nose to prevent the airway from collapsing during sleep. CPAP devices look like oxygen masks and, while usually effective, can take a little getting used to.
One method pioneered by Kamami is laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP), whereby the uvula is removed. Lasers are also used to reduce the ‘turbinates’ in the nose, three bones that protrude into the nasal passageway and warm and moisten the air as we breath.
Typically, sleep apnoea involves three distinct blockages, says Prof Kamami. “One blockage is the nose, the second is the soft palate. The third is the tongue. When we have all three…the laser can only treat the nose blockage and the soft palate.
“With the nose, we cure the blockage for about 10 years. For the soft palate obstruction we cure it for life. We cannot use a laser on the tongue. In some cases, if the person loses weight [it can help]. The weight of the tongue is related to the weight of the body – if you gain five kilograms in your body you gain five grams in your tongue. Fitness is an issue. You first need to lose weight. That reduces the size of the tongue.”
When treated, the improvement in lifestyle is immense, says Prof Kamami. “Someone with sleep apnoea does not have a restful night sleep. They suffer tiredness in the morning. [After treatment] they will feel refreshed. They will have a deeper sleep – they will feel a big improvement in their quality of life.”
The CPAP machine can prevent a blockage in the throat.

New blood test for prostate cancer will improve diagnostic accuracy

  

A NEW BLOOD TEST FOR PROSTATE CANCER IS IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF DIAGNOSES AND MAY EVEN REDUCE THE FREQUENCY OF FALSE POSITIVES AND UNNECESSARY BIOPSIES.

The Prostate Health Index (PHI) test could fill the diagnostic gap clinicians currently have when screening for prostate cancer.  By using three different prostate-specific markers, the test is more accurate in detecting prostate cancer than the current prostate specific antigen (PSA) test.
Over the last several years, there has been much debate in the realm of over-screening, over-diagnosis, and the inaccuracy of diagnostic tools in prostate cancer.  This test greatly improves this dilemma by giving clinicians more accurate information on what an elevated PSA level might mean, and the probability of finding cancer from a biopsy.
What is wrong with our current standard of testing?  Simply put, PSA is not specific to prostate cancer.  Elevations can be seen with any prostatic disease including infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
Here are some other factors which can affect PSA levels:
1. Prostate biopsy or massage: Both can temporarily affect PSA level
2. Race: African-Americans have higher baseline PSA levels than Caucasians
3. Prostate volume: Increase in PSA level of 4 percent for every ml of prostate volume
4. Age: Older men have higher baseline PSA
5. Certain medications: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are used to treat BPH and male-pattern baldness  and can decrease PSA by 50 percent after 6 months
As you can see, physicians and patients alike are faced with challenges with the current standard for prostate cancer diagnosis, which is based on the fact that men with higher levels of the PSA protein are more likely to have prostate cancer.  This lack of specificity can lead to false‐positives for cancer and ultimately unnecessary biopsies.
The PHI test promises to better distinguish prostate cancer from non-cancer disorders.  This is done by using a process that evaluates three different PSA markers to determine the likelihood of cancer in patients with elevated PSA levels.
Hopefully, the accuracy of this test will decrease the need for biopsy in many men who test positive for elevated PSA levels in order to get a dependable diagnosis.

We could soon find life on alien planets

A SPACE EXPERT CLAIMS

 

The discovery of life on an alien planet may be a lot closer than many believe. Or so claims some of the world’s leading planetary scientists.

Dr Sara Seager, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has expressed that scientists could be said to be standing on a “great threshold” of space exploration that could see evidence of extra-terrestrial life being discovered in the next 20 years.
Considering the enormous size of the Universe, life beyond the Earth seems “inevitable”, according to Dr Seager. She further expressed that the chemical fingerprints of life written in the atmospheres of planets orbiting nearby stars could be found in the coming decades, by the next generation of space telescopes.
It is possible that in the next two decades, a handful of “potentially habitable” exoplanets will have been found with the knowledge that statistically every star in our galaxy, the Milky Way, should have at least one planet.
It is now known that small rocky worlds like the Earth are common and Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope, due to be launched in 2018, will analyse the atmospheres of dozens of such “super-Earths” that could sustain life.