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Showing posts with label nature. Show all posts
Showing posts with label nature. Show all posts

Friday, June 12, 2015

Donie's Ireland daily news BLOG

Roisin Shortall says there is a need for a new Irish party

 
Plans for a new centre-left party are believed to be close to completion amid private talks between leading Independent TDs and figures outside Leinster House.
TD Róisín Shortall last night confirmed it was still her opinion there was scope for a new centre-left party ahead of the next general election.
Amid speculation that an election could now be called as early as the autumn, sources in Leinster House suggested the former Labour minister was in private talks with Independents Stephen Donnelly and Catherine Murphy.
M/s Shortall would not confirm if she was in talks with anyone about a new party being formed.
However, she told the Irish Examiner: “There’s no doubt there is a need for a new party a new party that would espouse very clear values, that would commit to do what they have committed to do and put integrity at the centre of politics. There’s a lot of disillusionment out there. There’s a lot of people looking for positive options of who they can vote for in the next election.”
It has also emerged that Ross Maguire, co-founder of mortgage support group New Beginning, is also being lined up to act as a legal advisor for the party.
Both M/s Murphy and Mr. Donnelly did not return calls night.
It is believed the new political organisation could seek to be registered within a month.
A source familiar with the talks said: “The Dáil is fairly grim, there’s a need for political reform. There are elected and non-elected people being talked to.”
It is thought that some of the policies of the new centre-left party will focus on community issues, social justice campaigning, and political reform.

Disability burden highest for diabetics Globally

     
Across the world, India included, even as longevity has increased during the period 1990 to 2013, the number of years both men and women live with disease and disability has shot up. The major causes of disability in men and women in India are depression, anaemia, low back pain, migraine, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age-related and other hearing loss, neck pain (spondylitis), diabetes, anxiety disorders, and uncorrected refractive error.
These are the results of a Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 report published on Monday in the journal The Lancet.
Important findings emerge from the study. “Mortality is declining faster than disease prevalence due to treatment and faster than disability, which is also increasing due to ageing.” In an accompanying Comment piece, Rifat Atun from Harvard University said: “[This] combination is driving the increase in the absolute numbers of years lived with disability and in relative terms as a proportion of total burden.”
For both sexes combined in India, the leading causes of years lived with disability have remained largely the same during the period 1990-2013. However, the disability caused by disease has taken an increased toll on health due to population growth and ageing.
“The major causes of death and disability are generally different, which has implications for planning of health services,” said Prof. Lalit Dandona, study co-author who is Professor at the Delhi-based Public Health Foundation of India and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington. “While ischemic heart disease kills the most number of people in India, it is not a leading cause of disability. On the other hand, major depression is the leading cause of disability in India, but is not a direct cause of death,” he said.
Relative to the 44% growth in India’s population during the period 1990-2013, diabetes has shown the greatest increase in the disability burden. “The number of years lived with disability from diabetes per million people in India is about 55% higher in 2013 compared with 1990,” said Prof. Dandona. The total increase in the number of years lived with disability from diabetes in India during the period 1990 to 2013 is 123%. In contrast, the number of years lived with disability from anaemia per million people in India has gone down by 45%.
The number of years lived with disability per million people in India has gone up for many leading diseases from 1990 to 2013. For instance, it is 16% higher in the case of major depression, 20% higher in the case of low back pain, 26% higher in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 19% higher in the case of neck pain.

Fr Joe McDonald an Irish priest asks Pope for help,

Our Church is dying he states?

    
In an open letter to Pope Francis, Fr Joe McDonald says he is ready for the battle to save the Church and Ireland’s very soul. He pleads with the pontiff, in this his ‘cry for help’, to take action to address the betrayals of the past in a bid to regain the trust of young people and to secure a future for the Church here in Ireland.
DEAR Holy Father,
Please forgive this intrusion. I realise it may be the responsibility of others to do this, but I fear they may not do so because of diplomatic convention or protocol, real or imagined, whilst others are a little tired, indeed a few even seem disheartened. For my part, I am neither tired nor disheartened, in fact, I am energised and girded for battle. A friend of mine recently remarked that it is a tough time to be a priest and I found myself asserting that it is in fact a great time to be a priest, an exciting time. I write to you from a spiritual bunker. I also write to you with a real sense of urgency, as the clock is very much against us. Every week things get worse, with opportunities lost and still more cracks of disunity appearing. I am based here on a little island on the edge of Europe where the spiritual darkness is deepening apace.
Here in Ireland we were once known as the Isle of Saints and Scholars; affectionately, at times, referred to as the Green Isle.
However, we made world news recently when we glowed pink. A large majority of our brothers and sisters voted in favour of same-sex marriage. In so far as it was a victory over discrimination and an end to the appalling treatment of homosexual people, sometimes by the Church, it was a happy day indeed. The smiles, quiet tears and at times, joyful dancing, of the young, and not so young was infectious and one could not but look at them and love them, as I have no doubt the Lord does.
I am pastor here with the faith community of St Matthew’s in West Dublin. We are a long way from the Vatican and, in some ways, we would be seen as poor, but you know, Holy Father, in the ways that matter, we are as rich as they come. Here in St Matthew’s, I meet both saints and ‘living martyrs’on a daily basis. Here, the shadow of the cross is long. Social exclusion, poverty and the ravages of addiction have taken their toll. The people here are the best, and the young people are the best of the best.
I wish you could feel their sense of social justice. I love their outrage. On a number of occasions, I have been moved to tears by this beautiful faith community, in their generosity of heart and often from their pocket as well. This is particularly evident in special collections for Syria or the tsunami, when, like the widow in the gospel, they give not of their surplus, but their core. So, as you well know, Holy Father, the Holy Spirit continues to dance, but now I must explain to you our problem and why I beg for your paternal intervention.
Holy Father, the Church in Ireland is dying. Yes, we could say it is tired, or it has lost the young, or we must find a new language, and all that is true, but the reality is that the Irish Church is gasping, heaving, in a crippling smog of secularism.
Now, some will rush to tell you about the signs of growth, and of course there are some, but the truth is, the writing is on the wall. It is only a matter of time. We are old and tired and still very clerical and, imagine this Holy Father, despite the fact that women are keeping us going, I am sorry to have to tell you, there isn’t even one diocese in the country run by a woman. Can you imagine that? Dear Pope Francis, I am sad, indeed, to tell you we have failed the people. Yes, it is true, in some ways we have failed, maybe betrayed, the older generations, but the real tragedy is we have failed the young. We have sought to hector them about how they should live rather than share the joy of our faith with them. Holy Father, I am conscious this may not get to you, as I know clericalism and careerism are both alive and well in the church, and so I will have to try a number of avenues in order to reach you. This is my first attempt. Some may draw your attention to the small number of vocations to the priesthood and religious life as signs of growth. I see the truth of this, and have huge respect for those who are responding to God’s call.
However, even here, I believe a second look is required. There seems to be the emergence of a restorationist model of church. There are those who harken back to the triumphant church of yesteryear. This is evident in the seminarians who would prefer to pray the breviary in Latin, not, I hasten to add, that there is anything wrong with this, in itself, but I have found that this longing for the past can all too often be accompanied by a lack of spiritual maturity. Worse still, this often manifests itself in a lack of compassion, which in turn wreaks havoc in pastoral ministry.
The ways in which we have failed people are too many to list here. Perhaps one topical area is worth a mention, though, that being the area of sexuality. We have made such a mess here that it is difficult to know where to begin. We are so disconnected from people in this regard that vast numbers of still-practising Catholics simply turn off when we begin to speak in this regard. We still employ the language of imperative, meanwhile failing to speak with passion and conviction about the beauty of our sexuality, or, as you have so beautifully developed for us, the joy of the Gospel. There are many other areas that illustrate the Irish church is quietly convulsing. For example, for so many of our children First Holy Communion means last communion until Confirmation, and we will not see many of our confirmed young people until they come to get married, if at all. At our gravesides, many stand in silence, sometimes there is a barely more than a mumble, even in the once-familiar territory of the rosary.
Overall, there seems to be a paralysis. We tend to talk in the abstract about what we need to do. The truth is, Holy Father we here in the Irish church are slow to learn and slower again to change. This is why I am sending up the flare into the night sky. I am hoping you will see it. I am hoping from your window you will see this cry for help streak across the sky. I hope you will see the red of the Irish martyrs, the green of our heritage, the yellow and orange of God’s Holy Breath, and the pink of recent freedoms. Yes, Holy Father I hope you will see it and that you will realise we need you. We need your courage and your care, and we need to hear your challenge to live the joy of the Gospel. So what can you do to help?
As the Successor of Peter, I am hoping you might give us a little of your attention, if, for no other reason than that we have, in the past, evangelised all over the world. In truth, we have remained faithful ‘in spite of dungeon, fire and sword’. Holy Father all that is gone, all gone except for what very soon will be a faithful remnant. Whilst I do not believe the future of the Irish church is either clerical or male, we will need your help to tackle the problem of poor leadership. We will need you to prepare quite a number of P45s, many of these for diocesan clergy, a few for male religious, less again for female religious. On the question of the P45s, I am conscious of the need to look in the mirror. The truth is I am no great shakes myself and I am very conscious that I stand in front of the people of St Matthew’s as a limping, hobbling, sort of leaking bucket of a priest. So there may well be a P45 coming down the line for me, as well, but at least that too will constitute movement. Regrettably, I fear we will probably need more than a few of these P45s for the Episcopal Conference. Perhaps you could introduce six-year terms of office for bishops?
As well as looking at leadership, I am hoping you might help us divest ourselves of about half of our schools. The urgent need of reform of the clergy cannot be affected by you, but you could give bishops a two-year deadline to have such a programme in place. We have been talking for over 20 years now about how to address fidelity, or lack of, to the sacraments. We need a two-week Irish synod. This would be led by what is left of a committed, educated, passionate laity. For the first week, we clerics could keep quiet and listen,
I mean deeply, with the heart. In the second week, there would be an opportunity for again, us clerics, to lie prostrate before the people and beg forgiveness of the gathered Church, and God, for our abuse, neglect and failure. We could make a solemn promise to make amends. This might be a good start. I believe the necessary components for recovery are not so mysterious. The ingredients are as old as the gospels themselves. We have an urgent need of conversion, silence, prayer, reform and then maybe, down the road, renewal might be possible. Of course that is largely the remit of the Holy Breath of God, the Holy Spirit.
Holy Father, I see you miss going for pizza and, as it happens I love pizza. I was wondering would it be possible that we could share a pizza, somewhere convenient to yourself, and I could elaborate a little on just how serious things are. I hope this can find its way onto your urgent to-do list, for there can be no doubt Ireland is in danger of losing her very soul.
I remain, your affectionate Brother in Christ here in St Matthew’s in Ballyfermot, Dublin,  Fr Joe McDonald

‘Six women from our Magdalene Laundries group have passed away?

It’s very upsetting’

     

Women who worked in the infamous Magdalene laundries have said that new healthcare support packages for survivors fall short of what they had been promised.

Minister for Justice and Equality Frances Fitzgerald announced today that the women would be able to claim a medical card and other free supports including counselling, physiotherapy and chiropody from 1 July, under the Redress for Women Resident in Certain Institutions Bill 2014.
Fall short
But the measures fall short of recommendations made by Justice John Quirke in 2013, according to Magdalene Survivors Together, a group representing 165 survivors.
Steven O’Riordan, head of the group, said: “The biggest fear the women have is that most of their entitlements will be assessed. There is no guarantee they will receive extra benefits, as they will be assessed.”
He added: There is no provision for home help services and a direct liaison officer will not be given. All these were given under the [Health Amendment Act 1996 card]  and Justice John Quirke stated quite clearly the women should get the same.
A memorial?
The group says it is also unhappy about the delay in erecting a Magdalene memorial and museum on Dublin’s Sean McDermott Street, where the last laundry closed in 1996.
The 2013 Quirke report, which the government said it would implement, had recommended that a memorial be placed on the site.
“They seem to just want to delay everything,” Marie Slattery, a survivor of the Sean McDermott Street laundry, said. “Six women from our group have passed away… It’s upsetting.”
Compensation
Women who worked in laundries are eligible for payments of between €11,500 and €100,000 as part of the state’s scheme of ex-gratia payments.
To date, €18 million has been paid to survivors, with decisions still to be made on 86% of 776 compensation applications.
Prison officers say they’ll have to travel for hours with inmates if Portlaoise A&E closes
Ireland U20 suffer first loss of World Cup as New Zealand pull clear in second half

Eat peanuts every day helps to slash early death risk from cancer

    

Eat peanuts every day to slash early death risk from cancer.

A new study has suggested that peanuts can protect against early death from cancer and heart disease. 
The Maastricht University study found that men and women who eat at least 10g of nuts or peanuts and not peanut butter per day have a lower risk of dying from several major causes of death than people who do not consume them, News.com.au reported.
Researchers in the Netherlands said peanuts and tree nuts both contain various vitamins, fibre, antioxidants and compounds such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids that can possibly contribute to the lower death rates.
They said peanut butter contains salt and trans fatty acids that could inhibit the protective effects of peanuts.
Women who ate nuts were also often leaner, had never smoked and were less likely to report diabetes.
Lead researcher Piet van den Brandt said that a higher intake was not associated with further reduction in mortality risk.

Spring arrived in record time this year

     
Spring arrives at a speed of about 2mph, according to a study carried out by the Woodland Trust, the British Science Association and BBC Spring-watch.
The figure was calculated by analysing the timing of spring events across the UK, which showed the season is developing quicker than in the past.
More than 20,000 public records of spring events submitted to the trust’s nature’s calendar over the last four months were analysed by Professor Tim Sparks from Coventry University.
He found the average speed of the passage of spring this year was around 1.9mph, taking nearly three weeks to cover the length of the country from south to north.
To put that in perspective, 2mph is the average speed of a porcupine (some pub quiz trivia for you there).
An average of 1.2mph was recorded using data between 1891 and 1947 and 1.8mph from figures taken between 1998 and 2014.
The latest research found that the passage of spring is not directly south to north but south-west to north-east.

The speed of travel of all seven of the spring events analysed this year were:

 1. Ladybirds arriving: 6.5mph
2. Hawthorns leafing: 6.3mph
 3. Swallows arriving: 2.4mph
 4. Hawthorns flowering: 1.9mph
5. Orange tip butterflies arriving: 1.4mph
6. Oak tree leafing: 1.3mph
 7. Frogspawn: 1mph
Dr Kate Lewthwaite, the Woodland Trust’s citizen science manager, said: “The timing of the seasons is hugely important for wildlife and any long-term changes could have implications on the success or failure of a particular species.
“Without the volume of records supplied by members of the public this analysis wouldn’t be possible, so we’re hugely grateful for every single piece of information.”

Ancient DNA provides clues to migration, language and lactose tolerance

  
Advancements in modern DNA technology are providing a deeper and more refined glimpse into ancient populations, revealing timetables for human migrations, the influx of languages, and even the physical attributes of prehistoric populations.
The latest research, published this week in the journal Nature, comes from a team out of the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. Led by Morten Allentoft, a specialist in ancient DNA, the team sequenced the genomes of 101 individuals who lived throughout Eurasia between 3000 BC and AD 700.
This time period has been of considerable interest, mainly because of the radical cultural changes that took place, as people shifted from hunting and gathering to subsistence agriculture. The Bronze Age, which encompasses the period from 3000 BC to 1000 BC in Europe, marked the rise of urban civilization, from Greek, to Roman, to pharaonic Egypt. Thus, it is a prime target for those interested in ancient DNA.
What the sequencing showed was that prior to 3,000 B.C., the genetic makeup of the region resembled those of early farmers from the Middle East, with some evidence pointing to even earlier European hunter/gatherers. But within 1,000 years, the genomes resemble those of the Yamnaya culture, who entered the region in the early Bronze Age and interbred with individuals already living in the region.
This genetic shift had further implications. Allentoft’s team speculate that the influx of Yamnaya people may have been partly responsible for the spread of Indo-Europeanlanguages into Western Europe. But some linguists are not convinced.
“It’s pretty clear that these eastern cultures in the Bronze Age are linked to the Yamnaya,” says Pontus Skoglund, a population geneticist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. But he believes the actual origins of all Indo-European languages — which evolved to include English, French, German, and Hindi — are far more complicated than the influx of just one group.
Ancient DNA has also revealed some of the physical traits of these early populations. In another study, DNA from 83 ancient Europeans showed mutations linked to thick hair and numerous sweat glands were common among Scandinavians as early as 7,700 years ago. These traits were originally believed to have emerged among East Asians, hinting at potential connections between these two populations. This same research showed people from the Iberian Peninsula became shorter following the shift to agriculture, whereas the Yamnaya, who migrated out of the steppe area, were taller.
Allentoft’s research also provided insight into the genes linked to lactose tolerance — the ability to digest the enzyme lactase, which is believed to have spread as people became more reliant on dairy products. But surprisingly, their research found that the trait was rare among Bronze Age Europeans. Of the 101 individuals sequenced, those making up the Yamnaya group were most likely to have the genes responsible for lactose tolerance, which indicates that these migrants may have been responsible for introducing the trait to Europe.
As DNA technology continues to improve, researchers will gain clearer insight into ancient populations — where they came from, how they lived and how they adapted to a changing world. 

Saturday, May 30, 2015

Donie's news Ireland daily BLOG

Irish fuel prices increase for fourth month in a row?

    
Motorists in Ireland are paying more money to fill up their cars this summer as the price of fuel increases for the fourth month in a row.
The average price of a litre of petrol now costs 143.6c, 4.6c more than in April.
The average price of a litre of diesel has also risen – consumers are currently paying 133.1c per litre, 2.6c more than last month.
The increases were recorded by the AA’s national fuel price survey. According to the new figures, a motorist putting 30 litres of petrol in their car each week will now pay €43.08, which is €1.38 a week more than only a month ago.
Someone putting 30 litres of diesel in their vehicle each week will pay 78c more.
But despite the hike, fuel prices are still lower than they were this time last year. Last summer the average price of a litre of petrol was 154.3c, while a litre of diesel was 146.8c.
“Prices fell in the second half of last year but have been rising since February,” said Conor Faughan from the AA. “It was only a short reprieve. The recent rise looks set to continue with the weakening Euro making it even worse. It will be an expensive summer on the roads.”
Mr Faughan said the main reason for the country’s high fuel prices is due to the Government’s tax, including an extra 23c per litre in austerity-era tax increases added since 2008. “When you spend €1.48 on a litre of petrol, 92c of it is tax. A tax-free litre, even with recent price rises, only costs 51.8c.”
Meanwhile, the European Consumer Centre (ECC) advises people thinking of buying a car to be wary of scams.
“Car purchase scams remain a persistent problem for consumers. In 2014, such scams accounted for 14% of all car purchase queries to ECC Ireland,” it said and cautioned against paying any money by bank transfer or to an escrow or delivery service.
“Fraudsters may ask consumers to send payment by bank transfer or via money wiring services, only for the seller and vehicle to disappear once the money is sent. This is particularly commonplace in internet transactions. Consumers may also be asked to send payment to an intermediary, such as an escrow company, who will then deliver the car to them. Consumers are often told that they will not have to pay if they are not happy with the vehicle. Unfortunately, in many cases, the intermediary disappears once the money has been sent.”
Consumers who fall victim to a scam are urged report it to Gardaí as soon as possible.

Price of posting in Ireland set to increase shortly (Std. letter 68c to 70c)

   

Postage rates are to increase on July 1, An Post has announced.

The standard domestic letter rate for items up to 100g within Ireland will increase from 68c to 70c while the standard international letter rate up to 100g will increase from €1 to €1.05.
“Despite the increase, An Post’s rates will remain among the lowest in the EU 15 countries including Britain, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands and well below the EU domestic average of 77c,” said a statement from An Post.
“A wide range of discount options continue to be available to businesses.
“The existing Meter rate for Standard Post letters will remain unchanged at €0.66 per item and a wide range of significant discount options continue for Ceadúnas licence and bulk-mail services.”
The company defended the increase, saying that it is necessary “to stem the unsustainable financial losses arising from the company’s Universal Service Obligation.
“Losses totalled €38m in 2014 – whereby customers in all areas of the country are provided with daily collection and delivery services for a uniform tariff.
“An Post continues to offer excellent value for money to Irish businesses of all sizes and to personal customers.”

Thumbs up for EU-US trade from Irish public in nationwide poll

   
More than three quarters (77%) of Irish people in a nationwide poll hold the view that Ireland should stay in the EU, even if the UK leaves it.
The poll was conducted following the newly elected UK government’s promise in the Queen’s speech at the opening of the new UK parliament to hold an ‘in/out’ referendum on the country’s membership of the union.
According to the Red C poll commissioned by independent, not-for profit organisation, European Movement Ireland, 86% of respondents believe Ireland should remain part of the EU, with 84% of adults here believing that Ireland has, on balance, benefitted from membership of the EU.
These figures are higher than those in a similar poll carried out in 2013.
In addition, around seven in 10 Irish adults support the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the EU and US.
The poll was conducted among a representative sample of over 1,000 people aged 18 and over from across the country.

How green tea could cut prostate cancer development in men

  

In a new study, scientists have revealed that a component found in green tea may help reduce development of prostate cancer in men facing high risk.
In a new study, scientists have revealed that a component found in green tea may help reduce development of prostate cancer in men facing high risk.
A team of researchers led by Nagi B. Kumar, Ph.D., R.D., F.A.D.A. at Moffitt Cancer Center assessed the safety and effectiveness of the active components in green tea called, “catechins” to prevent prostate cancer development in men who have premalignant lesions.
20 percent of green tea is consumed in Asian countries where prostate cancer death rates are among the lowest in the world and the risk of prostate cancer appears to be increased among Asian men who abandon their original dietary habits upon migrating to the U.S.
Laboratory studies have shown catechins inhibit cancer cell growth, motility and invasion, and stimulate cancer cell death. Green tea catechins also prevent and reduce tumor growth in animal models. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and potent catechin found in green tea responsible for these cancer prevention effects.

Shock rise in health insurance premiums for Irish people insured for 1st time  

  

One of the plans going up is the €425-a-year Starter Select, an entry-level plan introduced to capture new entrants ahead of the lifetime community rating changes

Health insurance premiums are to rise at Aviva – just weeks after thousands of people took out cover for the first time.
The insurer is to implement rises averaging 5.5% on 106 plans for those renewing or taking out cover from July, in a move that will see some policies costing between €200 and €470 more for families.
The rises come just weeks after an extra 74,000 people took out health insurance ahead of the introduction of late-entry penalties as part of lifetime community rating.
One of the plans going up is the €425-a-year Starter Select, an entry-level plan introduced to capture new entrants ahead of the lifetime community rating changes.
Aviva had already increased premiums in January.
Experts had been expecting few, if any, rises this year. This view was reinforced when both VHI and Laya cut the cost of a number of plans and froze premium ratings on others.

New immunotherapy drug outperforms chemotherapy for a form of lung cancer

    

Philip Prichard, of Memphis, has seen his renal cell cancer virtually wiped out by the immunotherapy drug nivolumab.

A new drug that unleashes the body’s immune system on cancer cells performed better than a traditional chemotherapy agent in fighting an advanced form of lung cancer, researchers reported Friday. The new drug was also less toxic to patients.
Nivolumab, one of three government-approved drugs that stimulate the immune system to take on foreign invaders, improved outcomes for 19.2% of patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer, compared with 12.4% of people who were treated with docetaxel. Patients also survived longer — a median of 12.2 months vs. 9.4 months for those on chemotherapy, and saw a 27% smaller chance of death while on the drug.
Patients whose tumors released a specific kind of protein did even better in the study of 582 people, surviving 17.2 months, vs. 5.6 months for the chemotherapy group.
“There is no doubt that immunotherapy has come to stay in lung cancer,” said Luis Paz-Ares of the Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio in Sevilla, Spain, who led the research.
Immunotherapy works by removing the brakes or “checkpoints” that keep killer T-cells from recognizing and attacking cancer. In the past few years, it has quickly become the fourth, and perhaps most promising, avenue of cancer treatment, alongside surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
[He had months to live before immunotherapy made his tumors disappear.]
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths world-wide and 1.8 million people will be diagnosed with it this year, Paz-Ares said. The Food and Drug Administration approved nivolumab earlier this year for use against squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer, but this group of people is considerably larger. Paz-Ares said he expects FDA approval to use the drug on these patients soon.
Two other immunotherapy drugs are government-approved for treatment of melanoma, a lethal form of skin cancer, as is nivolumab.
Only 7 percent of the nivolumab patients suffered side effects from the medication, a smaller proportion than the 20 percent who took docetaxel. And they suffered a much smaller number of serious side effects.
The new research was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, where 35,000 people in the field are gathered.
In a second study presented Friday, researchers from Johns Hopkins University and elsewhere showed that genetic testing can be used to predict whether the cancers in a small percentage of people will respond to immunotherapy. The test could be valuable in determining how to use the highly expensive checkpoint inhibitor drugs, which can cost $10,000 a dose or more.
Many of the cancers examined in the study had been considered poorly responsive to immunotherapy. They included colorectal, endometrial, stomach and small bowel cancers.
But the team led by Dung T. Le, a medical oncologist at the school’s Kimmel Cancer Center, showed that tumors with genetic defects that make them poor at repairing errors as DNA is synthesized mutate hundreds and perhaps thousands of times. Those mutations express a protein that can tell doctors whether the tumor will be a good candidate for immunotherapy.
Le said at a media briefing that her study is the first “to use genetics to guide immunotherapy.” The small, early stage study involved 41 patients who were treated with pembrolizumab, one of the drugs the FDA has approved for treatment of melanoma.
Overall, Le said, the “mismatch repair deficiency” used to guide the therapy is present in just 4 to 5% of many cancer types. But in some, it may be found in as many as 40% of tumors. The tests cost just a few hundred dollars and in some cases may be conducted anyway, so they would not add extra costs to a patient’s care, she said.

Great Barrier Reef Is Not ‘in Danger’ but Needs Care,

U.N. Experts Say

    
Despite threats to the Great Barrier Reef from climate change and human activity, United Nations conservation experts stopped short of recommending on Friday that the reef, a World Heritage site, be classified as “in danger.”
Even so, the overall outlook for the reef remains poor, and Australiashould improve its management of it, the World Heritage Center and the International Union for Conservation of Nature said in their report. The document cited climate change, water pollution and the impact of coastal development as major threats.
In particular, scientists and conservationists have sharply criticized plans to expand the Abbot Point coal-loading port in Queensland, which would involve the dumping of dredge spoils in waters near the reef, which includes 1,050 islands and stretches along almost the entire eastern coast of Queensland.
The experts’ recommendation, published in Paris, now goes to a vote by the World Heritage Committee, which includes representatives of 21 countries and is scheduled to meet next month in Bonn, Germany.
Greg Hunt, the Australian environment minister, said on Friday that the government was committed to a 35-year plan to restore the reef to good health, a fact noted in the recommendation.
“We have listened intently and responded directly to the concerns from the Australian community, the World Heritage Committee and their technical advisers,” Mr. Hunt said in a statement. He said the national government and the state of Queensland should invest about $1.5 billion in the reef over the next decade.
But conservationists have criticized the government of Prime Minister Tony Abbott for supporting the expansion of the port and the Galilee Basin coal mines that use it.
Under pressure from environmentalists, Mr. Hunt has said the government will permanently ban the dumping of dredge spoils from new port projects in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. But the ban would not cover dredging to maintain the depth of existing shipping channels and ports, which could still dump more than a million tons of sludge a year in reef waters, according to Jon C. Day, who was a director at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority from 1998 to 2014.
WWF-Australia, an environmental advocacy group, said in a statement that the United Nations was placing Australia on probation. “The draft decision acknowledges progress, but keeps the pressure on the Australian government to turn their commitments into real actions and results, or find themselves having to explain to the World Heritage Committee in 2017 why they’ve failed to meet their commitments,” the statement said. The group said the government had not allocated enough money to the reef protection plan.